F 
291 
,S26 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

(SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT.) 
Chap. ^S-^^V 
Shelf X £>^fe> 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



«>yC ^ 








-FORMING, WITH ITS CONNECTIONS, 



The Only Fast Mail Passenger Route and 
Through Freight Dispatch Line 



-TO AND FROM- 



Southern and Southwestern Georgia. 

o 

Entire Trains Tliroug-li Witliout Cliange Between Savannah 

and Jacksonville. 
Pullman Palace Sleeping- Cars Daily Between Savannah and 

Jacksonville. 

The Elegant Parlor and Sleeping- Cars of the Eiifanla Line 

Daily Between Montg-oniery, Alabama, and Jacksonville, 

Florida, via Savannah, Florida and 

Western Railway. 

Sleeping: Cars Daily Between Savannah and Albany. 



Passenger Trains equipped with Westinghouse Air-Brakes' 

jj^^and Miller Platforms. ==@g 

STEEL RAILS . . SAFE BRID(iES . . SMOOTH TRACK. 



FREIGHT DEPARTMENT. 

Movement of freight m through cars, thereby avoitling the risk of 
transfer to and from all points on the Jacksonville, Pensacola and 
Mobile Railroad, Florida Central Railroad, Atlantic, Gulf and West 
India Transit Railroad, St. Augustine, and all landings on the St. 
Johns and Oclawaha rivers, Chattahoochee, Flint and Apalachicola 
rivers, and Havana, Key West, Tampa, and Manatee. P'ruit and 
Vegetable Shipments Through in N'entilated Cars l)et\veen Jackson- 
ville and .Savannah and Cedar Keys and Savannah daily. Transfer 
to ship's side at -savannah without breaking bulk. No delays. Prompt 
adjustment of claims. 

O 

Rates always as low as by any other line. Take out bills lading 
via Savannah, Florida and Western Railway to insure advantages of 
the All-Rail Route. 

C. D. OWENS, JAS. L, TAYLOR, 

General Agent, 315 Broadway, N. Y. General Frfi^ilit Ageut. Savannah, Ga, 

J. H. GRIFFIN, J. E. DRAYTON, 

Passenger Agent. Agent, Jacksonville, Fla. 

D. H. ELLIOTT, Agent Florida Dispatch Linu, Live Oak, Jla. 



%ttc^^ 



GUIDE 



mil aeiA i em 



CONTAINING A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF 



POINTS OF INTEREST TO THE TOURIST, 



INVALID OR EMIGRANT, AND HOW 
TO REACH THEM. 

■ , y 



PUBLISHED BY GENERAL PASSENGER DEPARTMENT 






Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. , 



ISSUED GRATUITOUSLY—SIXTH EDITION. 



SAVANNAH, GA.: 

MoENiNa News Stram Printing House. 

1879. 



X 



INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



PAGE. 

Arlington House, Gainesville, Fla. — J. B. Wistar 36 

Atlantic Coast Line 46 

Ballard's Curiosity Shop 42 

Barnes' Albany House, Albany, Ga 48 

Boarding House — Mrs. J. V. Hernandez 42 

Booksellers, Stationers, etc. — Ashmead Bros 24 

Boston and Savannah Steamship Line 6 

Carleton House, Jacksonville, Fla. — Stinson, Devnell & Davis 38 

Central Short Line 16 

Commission Merchant — John Clark 38 

Druggist and Pharmacist — William A. Dell 32 

Dry Goods and Carpet House, Jacksonville — Furchgott, Benedict & Co. . 1% 

Florida Curiosities — A. L. Desbouillons 6 

For Florida — W. L. James 10 

For Sale— W. H. Sebring 44 

Gulf House, Thomasville, Ga.— W. H. Clay 12 

Havana Cigars — Huau & Co 24 

Hibernia — F. A. Fleming 32 

Homasassa, near Cedar Keys, Fla. — Alfred P. Jones 44 

Larkin House, Palatka, Fla. — Larkin & Allen 26 

Magnolia Hotel, St. Augustine, Fla. — W. W. Palmer 34 

Marshall House, Savannah, Ga. — John Bresnan 22 

Merchants and Miners Transportation Company 8 

Millinery, Fancy and Dress Goods — O. L. Keene 40 

Mitchell House, Thomasville, Ga. — Geo. C. Brown & Co 30 

O. Bettelini's House, Cedar Keys, Fla 32 

Philadelphia and Southern Mail Steamship Company 10 

Pulaski House, Savannah, Ga. — Goodsell Bros 20 

Quinan's Hibernian House, Savannah, Ga. — M. T. Quinan 44 

Savannah and Charleston and Great Northern Railroads 18 

Screven House, Savannah, Ga. — Geo. W. Sargent 12 

St. Augustine Hotel, St. Augustine, Fla.— E. E. Vaill 28 

Togni's Billiard Saloon, Jacksonville, Fla 40 

Washington City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern Railroads .... 14 
Ambler's Bank > Back of Map, last page. 



Gi]i TO mnm geopiGii m floia. 

1879-80. 




HIS publication is now in its sixth year, and is placed in the hands 
of strangers as a reliable Guide to points of interest in Southern 
Georgia and Florida. 

The attention of the tourist or immigrant is invited to the great 
advantages offered by the ATLANTIC and Gulf Railroad, /Ae only 
ali-rail line to Florida, and the shortest and most direct route to 
Southern and Southwestern Georgia. Its 

MAIN LINE 

extends from SAVANNAH, GA., to BAINBRIDGE, GA., on the Flint 
river, two hundred and thirty-seven miles. 

ALBANY DIVISION. 

THOMASVILLE, GA., to ALBANY, GA., fifty-eight miles. 

FLORIDA DIVISION. 

DuPONT, GA., to LIVE OAK, FLA., forty-eight miles. 
Making a total of three hundred and forty-three miles under its manage- 
ment. 

CONNECTIONS. 

Through cars from Savannah to Bainbridge, connecting with steamers for 
all points on the Flint, Chattahoochee and Apalachicola rivers. 

Through cars from Savannah to Albany, connecting with through trains on 
Southwestern division Central Railroad of Georgia to Macon, Atlanta, Eu- 
faula, and via Montgomery and Eufaula Railroad to Montgomery, Ala., New 
Orleans, and Louisville. 

Through trains via Main Line and Florida Division via Live Oak, con- 
necting with trains on Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad and Flor- 
ida Central Railroad for Jacksonville, Fla,, without change; connecting at 
Jacksonville with steamers for St. Augustine, Palatka, Sanford, Mellonville, 
Enterprise, and all points on the St. Johns and Oclawaha rivers; at Baldwin 
with ti-aiiis on the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Company's Railway for Fer- 



4 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

nandina, Gainesville, Cedar Keys, Tampa, Manatee, Key West, etc.; at Live 
Oak with Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad for Madison, Monti- 
cello, Tallahassee, and all points in Middle Florida. 

Elegant Pullman Sleeping Cars through to Jacksonville from Savannah. 

The sumptuous Sleeping and Drawing Room Cars of the Eufaula line be- 
tween Montgomery, Ala., via Albany, Thomasville, Live Oak and Jackson- 
ville, run during the season, affording the most comfortable and speediest trip 
between the West and Northwest and Florida. 

Sleeping Cars daily between Savannah and Thomasville, Albany, etc. 

THE EQUIPMENT 

of the line is first-class in every particular. Spacious and elegant day Coaches 
and Palace Sleeping Cars, all equipped with Westinghouse Automatic Air- 
Brakes and Miller Platforms, offer all the modern appliances for comfort and 
convenience to the traveling public. 

THE TRACK 

has been very largely renewed with heavy steel rails, with the fish-bar joints, 
enabling the line to make its fast mail schedules with certainty, safety and 
comfort. 



c^^^^'i^J^ 



STATIONS AND POINTS OF INTEREST 

ON THE 

ATLANTIC AND GULF R. R. 




ijAVANNAH, Chatham county, Georgia, the eastern terminus of the 
road, is the principal city of the State, situated on river of same 
name, eighteen miles from the sea, with a capacious and well pro- 
tected harbor, with from seventeen to twenty-one feet of water at 
high and low tide. Improvements are now being made in the 
river with a view to obtaining depth sufficient for any vessel. 

Savannah has a population of from 30,000 to 32,000 inhabitants. 
i. It is the second largest cotton port in the United States, while its ship- 
I ments of rice, lumber and naval stores are immense. It is unquestion- 
ably the handsomest city in the South. Laid out with broad streets, closely 
shaded by beautiful trees that are green the year round, it has justly obtained 
the soubriquet of the "Forest City." 

The city has ample transportation facilities ; the Savannah and Charleston 
Railroad connecting Charleston and the North; the Central (Georgia) to Au- 
gusta, Atlanta and the Northwest, while the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad opens 
up the rich and growing sections of South Georgia and the whole State of 
Florida. The magnificent steamships of the Ocean Steamship Company 
make semi-weekly trips to New York, while Philadelphia, Baltimore and 
Boston are connected by weekly lines of steamships of great capacity and ele- 
gant accommodations. 

It has some manufacturing interests, viz : a cotton factory, cotton batting 
mill, paper mill, ric2 mills, foundries and machine shops. 

The free school system is admirably arranged. Especial attention has been 
given to its sanitary condition. Comparative statements show it to be one of 
the healthiest cities in the South. The climate is better suited to some in- 
valids than points further South. With its excellent hotel accommodations, 
travelers will always find a sojourn heru pleasant. 

Forsyth Park, twenty acres in area, is an attrictive resort; the shade trees 

in it, composed mostly of pines, are of the natural growth of the forest. In 

the center is a beautiful fountain, after the style of those in the Place de la 

Concorde, in Paris. The walks are prettily arranged, and covered with shell. 

5 



6 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

ELORIDA CURIOSITIES 

ORANGE CAPIES, SEA BEANS. 

ALLIGATORS' TEETH MOUNTED IN SLEEVE BUTTONS, 
EAR RINGS, SETS, ETC. 



SHELL AND FISH SCALE JEWELRY. 

BEADY-MADE AND TO ORDER AT THE 

JEWELMY ESTABLI8H31ENT 

OF 

R, L. B1SB:©TOLL0MS; 

21 BULL STREET, OPPOSITE SCREVEN BOUSE, 
SAYANNAH, GEORGIA. 

BOSTOI & SAYAMAH 

8TEAM8MIJP LINE. 



-FIRST-CLASS STEAMSHIPS- 



"United States,"! "Seminole," 

Capt. S. H. MATTHEWS. \ Capt. H. K. HALLETT. 



Sailing from Each Port Alternately Every Wednesday. 



Through Bills of Lading given to and from points on the Atlantic and 
Gulf Railroad and its connections. 

No transhipment or extra handling between Boston and Savannah. 



»! 
SAYANNAH. 

r, NimsoH I cOm 

BOSTON. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 7. 

In the rear of the Park is a large enclosure, known as the Parade Ground, 
or Park Extension, which has been somewhat improved by planting shade 
trees, laying out walks, etc. The Confederate Monument recently erected 
here by the Ladies' Memorial Association, in point of beauty of design and 
finish, compares favorably with any in the South. The corner-stone was laid 
on June l6th, 1874, with Masonic ceremonies. Grand Master Irwin officiat- 
ing, all the military force of the city being present. The monument was 
built after a design furnished by Mr. R. Reid,of Montreal, Canada. It stands 
about fifty feet in height, from base to crown of bronze figure on top. On the base 
are appropriate mottoes. The front panel has a figure in relief, representing the 
South mourning. The rear panel shows another figure of military character. 
The side panels bear inscriptions : one is " To the Confederate Dead ;" on 
the other, " Come from the four winds, O Breath, and breathe upon these 
slain, that they may live." — EzEK. XXXII : 9. The whole is surmounted by 
an elegant bronze statue of a Confederate soldier, in the attitude of parade 
rest. The whole beautifully carved, and cost, when completed, $25,000, ex- 
clusive of the cost of the bronze statue, which latter is the gift of a munifi- 
cent wealthy citizen of Savannah. 

Bonaventure Cemetery, three miles from the city, only fifteen minutes ride 
by the Coast Line Railroad, is one of the loveliest spots in the country ; long 
avenues, arched by the branches of great live oak trees, from which an im- 
mense quantity of gray moss sweeps, adding much to the solemnity of the 
place. Bonaventure derives its name from the original tract of which it 
formed a part, and which was settled about 1670 by Colonel John Mulryne. 
By the marriage of his daughter, in 1761, to Josiah Tattnall, of Charleston, it 
came in possession of the latter family. This marriage is said to have been 
the occasion of the planting of the trees which adorn the place. It is said 
that they were planted in the forms of the letters M and T, the initials of the 
bride's and groom's respective family names. 

Thunderbolt, the terminus of the Coast Line Railroad, four miles from the 
city, the Schuetzen Platz, on the same line. Isle of Hope and Montgomery, on 
the S., S. & S. R. R., distant seven and ten miles respectively, are pleasant 
places of resort, much frequented by the citizens of Savannah. 

Tybee Island, at the mouth of the Savannah river, and Beach Hammock, 
several miles south, are becoming very prominent as seaside resorts. 

Fort Pulaski, on Cockspur Island, near the mouth of Savannah river, was 
the scene of a weary siege during the late war. The fort was badly battered 
up by the Federal guns from Tybee Island. Since the war it has been thor- 
oughly repaired. 

Millers, No. i, Chatham county, Georgia ; 10 miles from Savannah, 2 
miles west of the Little Ogeechee river; post office. 

Ways Station, No. lyi,, Bryan county, Georgia; 16 miles from Savan- 
nah; post office. Just east of this station the road crosses the Great Ogee- 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND hXORIDA. 




c2:^TRANSPORTATION CO.^ 




The Steamships of this Company ply regularly between 




Loading Savannah for Baltimore twice a week during the Fall and Winter mouths, and 
once a week during the Spring and Summer. 



liis Saltisiore Koute is ths Host Direct between the South and West ; it is 
also the Most Economica! and Quickest. 



The Steamers are first-class in every respect, with excellent accom- 
modations for Passengers. Reduced rates of Passage to 
Emigrants from Baltimore and all Points 
West and Southwest. 



This Company's Steamers are specially arranged for the transportation of Fruit 
and Vegetables, and Through Bills of Lading, at low rates, will be issued. 

A. L. HUGGINS, Agent, JAS. B. WEST & CO., Agents, 

Baltimore, Md. II4 ^(^y ^t-, tSavamiah. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 9 

chee river, on which are situated many of the largest rice fields in the State. 
At Genesis Point, below the railroad bridge, Fort McAllister is situated, 
which the Federal fleet made several unsuccessful attempts to pass, to cap- 
ture the blockade runner " Rattlesnake," formerly the steamship Nashville, 
which was lying above. They finally succeeded in sinking it with guns. 
Fort McAllister was stormed from the rear, and captured by a portion of 
Sherman's army, December 20, 1864. 

Fleming', No. 2, Liberty county, Georgia; 24 miles from Savannah; post 
and telegraph offices. Sunbury, 15 miles from here, on the coast, is one of 
the oldest settlements in the State. 

Mclilto.i'il, No. 3, Liberty county, Georgia ; 31 miles from Savannah ; post 
office. This is the nearest station to Flemington, distant 2^ miles, Hines- 
ville, the county seat, five miles, and Riceboro, 10 miles. 

WaltllOlirville, No. 4, Liberty county, Georgia; 38 miles from Savan- 
nah; post office. The village of same name, ly^ miles from the station, is 
pleasantly located, and was formerly the home of many of the wealthy plan- 
ters from the coast, and was noted for the intelligence and refinement of its 
society; there are a few of the old families still residing there. 

J(»luiston, No. 4^, Liberty county, Georgia ; 46 miles from Savannah ; post 
office. Six and a half miles from this station, the road crosses the Altamaha 
river, on a lattice bridge with four spans. This river is one of the largest in 
the State. It is formed by the junction of the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers; 
the former is navigable for steamers to Dublin, and the latter to Macon. 
Large quantities of lumber, etc., are shipped by this river to Darien, Ga., at 
its mouth, on the coast. 

Doctoi'toWiJ, No. 5, Wayne county, Georgia; 53 miles from Savannah; 
post office. This station is the site of an old Indian town, and the former 
abode of a celebrated "medicine man;" hence the name of the place. 

Josup, No. 6, Wayne county, Georgia; 57 miles from Savannah; county 
seat; telegraph office and junction of the Macon and Brunswick Railroad; 
40 miles from Brunswick and 146 from Macon. The new and commodious 
•'Altamaha Hotel" here will accommodate 100 guests. This hotel is also 
the eating house for passengers via the Macon and Brunswick Railroad ; trains 
stop 20 minutes for meals. A weekly paper, the ycsup Sentinel, is published 
here. This place is growing rapidly ; population 750. 

Screven, No. 7, Wayne county, Georgia ; 68 miles from Savannah ; post 
and express offices. 

Patterson, No. 7^, Pierce county, Georgia; 78 miles from Savannah; 
post office. On the line of the road in vicinity of this place are located a 
number of steam saw mills for cutting yellow pine lumber. 

Black.shoar, No. 8, Pierce county, Georgia; 86 miles from Savannah; 
population about 1,200. This point offijrs many inducements to those seek- 
ing health and winter homes in the South. The society is good, and many 



lO 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



PHiUMiiA m imi m 



Captain J. W. CATHARINE. 



Captain JACOB TEAL. 

These first-class and finely appointed. Steamers ply regularly between Philadelphia 
and Savannah, leaving each port on Saturday, connecting at Savannah vfith the 

Central Railroad of Gieorg-ia, 

Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, and 

Florida Steamers. 

Through Passage Tickets and Bids o( Lading issued to all principal points South 
and Southwest, at rates as low as the published rates of competing lines. 

Through Tickets from Savannah to New York, including transfer of passengers and 
baggage from Steamer's wharf to railroad depot at Philadelphia, can be obtained of the 
Agents of the Line at Savannah. 

SUPERIOR CABIN AND STEERA&B ACCOMMODATIONS. 

APPLY TO OR ADDRESS 

W3I. L. .TAMES, Gen, Agent, 

Pier 22 South Delaiuare Ave., Philadelphia. 

WM, HTTNTBR & SON, 

100 Bay St., Savannah. 



o>»<=^0~<o — .- 

For Through Tickets to Fernandina, Jacksonville, St. Augustine, Sanford, Enter- 
prise, and Intermediate Land n^s on St. Johns River and Interior Points 
in Florida, by Steamship to Savannah, and thence by 
Railroad or Steamboat, 

.A.I=5='31i-S- TO 

WM. L. JAMES, General A^^ent, 

Philadelphia and Southern Mall S. S, Co., 

Pier 22 South Delaware Ave., Philadelphia, 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. II 

evidences are presented of steady, permanent growth. It is situated in the 
great pine belt of Georgia; land in this section is slightly rolling, hence is 
well drained; climate is delightful and healthy the year roundj land is cheap 
and the inhabitants kindly disposed to settlers. Brown's Hotel, recently 
built, will accommodate 40 to 50. Knowles' House will accommodate about 
30. Board, per day, ;?i.5o; per week, $6.00; per month, $15 to ^20. 

Waycross, Ware county, Georgia; 96 miles from Savannah; county seat; 
post office; population, 600; junction of Brunswick and Albany Railroad. 
This town was laid out in 1872. It stands on a sandy ridge, with clay sub- 
soil, and a cl&ar, bold stream of running water on the south. From its ad- 
vantageous position, it bids fair to become a place of some note, and has al- 
ready attracted the notice of a colony from New Jersey, many of whom have 
recently made their homes here, attracted by the advantages of good land, 
cheap homesteads, and the general thrifty appearance of the town. 

Tebeauville, No. 9, Ware county, Georgia; 97 miles from Savannah; 
post and telegraph offices. This is a place near the northern portion of the 
celebrated Okefenokee Swamp, which abounds with game of all descriptions. 

Glenmore, No. 10, Ware county, Georgia; 108 miles from Savannah; 
post office. 

Al'gyle, No. 10^, Clinch county, Georgia; I16 miles from Savannah. 

Hoilierville, No. 11, Clinch county, Georgia; 122 miles from Savannah; 
post office; county seat; population, 350; academy, Methodist and Baptist 
churches. 

DllPont, No. 12, Clinch county, Georgia; 131 miles from Savannah; tel- 
egraph and post offices; junction with the Florida division of the Atlantic 
and Gulf Railroad. Located on heavy timbered pine lands. The health of 
DuPont and surrounding country is unparalleled ; no typhoid or other mias- 
matic sickness. As a farming country, it is pronounced by experienced plan- 
ters to be superior to Virginia or Carolina ; the range is good for cattle and 
hogs. Cheap lands in abundance for emigrants, much of it from fifty cents to 
one dollar per acre. 

Stockton, No. 13, Clinch county, Georgia; 138 miles from Savannah; 
post office; population, 150. The village is pleasantly located in an elevated 
pine region. There is a pottery located here, which makes a superior article 
of earthen ware for domestic use. 

Nay lor, No. 14, Lowndes county, Georgia; 144 miles from Savannah; 
population, loo; post office, one church, one hotel, one academy, one saw 
mill, and three stores; healthy locality. Lands sell from ^i.oo to ^5.00 per 
acre. The productions of surrounding country are long and short cotton, corn, 
rice, oats, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, and all kinds of vegetables. The Ala- 
paha river, two miles distant, abounds in fish. Milltown, a village ten miles 
distant, and near the famous Banks Mill Pond ; area of pond ten square 
miles; water sufficient to drive a large amount of machinery. Nashville, 



12 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 



Jl o^^U^A^. 



■^® — 



I THE LEADING FIRST-CLASS .HOTEL t 
[ RATES REDUCED. I 



TABLE UNSURPASSED SOUTH. 

During the past summer this House has been painted inside and out, and 
is now in perfect order. A steam elevator is now being erected, and will be 
the only one in the city. 

October i, 1879. GEO. W. SARGENT, Proprietor. 

JTHE GULF HOUSEf 

NEAR PASSENGER DEPOT, 

THOMASVILLE, GEORGIA. 



ENTIRE NEW MANAGEMENT. NEWLY FURNISHED AND RE- 
FITTED, AND RUN IN FIRST-CLASS STYLE. 



The rooms are comfortable and well furnished, whilst THE TABLE IS 
SUPPLIED WITH THE BEST THE MARKET AFFORDS. 
All trains on the A. & G. Railroad stop here for meals. 
Terms moderate. 

W. H. CLAY, Proprietor. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. I3 

county seat of Berrien county, 27 miles distant; excellent section for farm- 
ing, hog, sheep and cattle raising. 

Valdosta, No. 15, Lowndes county, Georgia; 157 miles from Savannah; 
post and telegraph offices ; county seat ; population about 2,000. This is a 
place of considerable importance in this section. Surrounded by a very fer- 
tile country, entirely free from malaria, it offers many inducements to settlers. 
Cotton, grain of all kinds, (especially corn, wheat and oats,) sugar cane, po- 
tatoes, and the products of this section are abundantly produced. The win- 
ters are mild and pleasant, and the invalid may here find a aheap and com- 
fortable home. The town is finely situated and neatly laid off, containing 
many brick store houses, and a new brick court house. There are four 
churches — Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, aud Christian — several schools, a 
w^l-kept hotel, and a bank. The Valdosta Times, a weekly newspaper, is 
published here. The trade of the place supports some twenty-six stores. 
Good farming lands in the vicinity can be bought at from ^i.oo to $5.00 per 
acre, depending upon improvements. At this point the " cotton belt " of 
Georgia begins. To parties seeking investment in lands, or permanent homes 
in the South, or a place to spend a winter pleasantly, Valdosta presents many 
inducements. Name of hotel^Stuart's Railroad House, C. T. Stuart, pro- 
prietor; accommodation for fifty; opposite Atlantic and Gulf Railroad de- 
pot. Rates of board, $2.00 per day; ;jSi8.oo 10^25.00 per month. Board 
can be had in private houses at $10.00 to $15.00 per month. There are three 
livery stables here, which furnish good teams at moderate rates. 

Onsley, No. 15^, Lowndes county, Georgia; 166 miles from Savannah; 
post office. One and a half miles west of this station the road crosses the 
Withlacoochee river, near which is the Boston or Blue Springs. These 
springs have quite a reputation, and are much frequented by the people of the 
adjacent country. 

Qnitllian, No. 16, Brooks county, Georgia; 174 miles from Savannah; 
post office, money order and telegraph offices; county seat; population about 
2,000. This town is situated in the midst of one of the finest farming sec- 
tions of Southwestern Georgia. The principal productions of the county 
are corn, cotton, oats, rye, ground peas, field peas, sugar cane, potatoes, Irish 
and sweet, and rice. Some wheat has been raised in the county, but has not 
been generally sown, owing to the want of flouring mills. Almost all kinds 
of vegetables are grown here. Peas, beets, squashes, cucumbers, onions, rad- 
ishes, cabbages, tomatoes, strawberries, etc., are grown in great quantities. 
Watermelons, muskmelons, cantelopes and pumpkins do remarkably well. In 
fact, every and all kinds of common products for which the human family 
find a relish are grown here in bountiful supply. Some of these products can 
be made to yield two and three times a year, such as Irish potatoes and field 
peas. 

The average yield of corn is 10 bushels per acre, though it has been in- 



14 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



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J,.* Go South Via Virginia Midland Railroad. '% 



Persons contemplating a visit to the States of Georgia, South Carolina, 
or Florida, for the winter, in search of healtii or pleasure, should not fail to 
examine the schedules of the W. C, V. M. & G. S. R. R. before purchas- 
ing their tickets. This company offers unrivaled inducements to both the 
invalid and pleasure seeker. Steel rail, good track, air brakes, splendid day 
coaches, and unsurpassed equipment. 

o 

Jg^^'Mark's Adjustable Reclining Chair Cars on all night trains. These'^^g 
"are admitted to be the cheapest and most comfortable' 
J{J@°^SIeeping Cars now in use. Invalids will^'^g 
Jg^^'find them tru/y easy chairs. 



Lv New York . , 
Lv Philadelphia , 
Lv Baltimore . . 
Lv Baltimore . . 
Lv Washington . 
Lv Alexandria 
Lv Charlolteville 
Lv Lynchburg 
Lv Danville . . 
Ar Charleston . 
Ar Augusta . . 
Ar Savannah 
Ar Jacksonville . 



P. R. R 

P., W. & B. R. R 

. . B. & P. R. R 

. . B. & O. R. R 

.... Va. Mid 

. . . . Va. Mid 

. . . . Va. Mid 

.... Va. Mid 

, . R. cSc D. R. R 

... So. C. R. R 

. C, C. & A. R. R 



A. & G. R. R 



8.15 am 
11.45 a m 
3.30 p m 
4.00 p m 
6.15 p m 
6.40 p m 
II. 10 pm 
1.54 am 
4.50 a m 



7.15 a m 



9.55 pm 
1. 00 a m 
4.45 a ra 
5.15 am 
7.00 a m 
7.25 a m 
11.50 a m 

2-55 pm 

6.25 pm 

4.45 pm 

9.25 a m 

4.00 p m 

7.30 a m 



Two daily trains each way. Solid trains Washington to Lynchburg and 
Danville. Round trip tickets by this line good until May 15th, 18S0, on 
sale at all the ticket offices of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Wilmington & 
Baltimore, Baltimore & Ohio, and Baltimore & Potomac Railroads, by all the 
routes south of Lynchburg and Danville, 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 15 

creased to 90 bushels per acre. Improved farming has increased the yield, in 
very many instances, to 30 and 40 bushels to the acre. Tlie average yield of 
oats is 15 bushels per acre, cotton a bale of 500 pounds to three acres, rye 8 
to 12 bushels, ground peas 20 to 30 bushels. Sugar cane yields from 300 to 
550 gallons syrup per acre, and other things in the same proportion. Atten- 
tion is now being directed to fruit, and vegetable market gardening, and 
whenever it has been tried, success has been the result, the railroads offering 
every facility for shipping these early products. Taxes are exceeding moder- 
ate — the average aggregate State and county tax being about 7^ mills. Land 
is readily purchased in desirable quantities, and at prices varying from ^l.oo 
to $20.00 per acre, according to quality. The climate is delightful, and free 
from malarial diseases. The inhabitants of this section are progressive and 
intelligent, and alive to the importance of immigration. The town of Quit- 
man is eligibly situated, and contains five churches — three white and two 
colored; also, a flourishing school. There is published a weekly paper, the 
Reporter. Seven miles east from Quitman, in said county, is a large, bold 
limestone spring, about one hundred feet in circumference, and fifteen feet in 
its deepest part. This is quite a resort as a watering place, there being near 
— ^just across the county line, but within a few hundred yards — a fine sulphur 
spring of efficacious medicinal qualities. 

Dixie, No. 17, Brooks county, Georgia; 181 miles from Savannah; post 
and express offices. Grooverville is 6 miles distant. 

Boston, No. 18, Thomas county, Georgia; 188 miles from Savannah; 9 
miles from the Florida line ; i mile from the Aucilla creek ; 2 miles from 
Piscola creek; population 500; post and express offices, also Masonic lodge 
and Patrons of Husbandry. Five churches in this place, Baptist, Presbyte- 
rian and Methodist, and colored Baptist and Methodist; also, good male and 
female schools. Boston is pleasantly situated, and extremely healthy. Water 
good, in wells, and plenty of spring water in the incorporate limits. Boston 
is entirely surrounded by the best average farming lands in the State ; very 
productive of corn, peas, potatoes, oats, highland rice, sugar cane and cotton, 
and admirably adapted to fruit, where cultivated, especially grapes, pears, 
peaches, plums, apples and tropical fruits. The very finest watermelons 
abound in all parts of the country, in their season. These lands can be bought 
at prices ranging from $5.00 to $8.00 per acre for improved, and from ^i.oo 
to $4.00 per acre for grazing. 

Thomasville, No. 19, Thomas county, Georgia; 200 miles from Savan- 
nah; telegraph office ; county sect; junction with Albany division of Atlan- 
tic and Gulf Railroad; population, 4,000. This city has a thriving trade, 
and is, without exception, the most promising in Southern Georgia. It is 
situated on one of the highest points betvveen the Atlantic ocean and the 
Gulf of Mexico. It is but sixty miles to the Gulf, being in latitude 30 de- 
grees and 40 north, and longitude 8 degrees 40 east. The refreshing breezes 



1^ GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 




COMPRISING THE 




n^.i»m)s^*^»^3T3i.ia 





CHmOTIE, CSLISIA AND kmiU RMLSQASS 



THE SAFEST AND MOST COMFORTABLE ROUTE BETWEEN 
NORTHERN AND EASTERN POINTS AND 

Columbia, Charleston, Aiig-usta, Aiken, Ifla- 
cou, Savannah, Jacksonville, 

And all Florida Points during the season of 1879-80. Round trip tickets at 
greatly reduced rates will be placed on sale at all principal points North and 

East to JACKSONVILLE. FLA- 

The only line running Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars between New York 
and Savannah, via Augusta, without change. Only one change of Cars be- 
tween New York and Jacksonville. 

Be sure that your ticket reads " Via Richmond, Charlotte, Columbia and 
Augusta." 

C. L. DIBRELL, J. L. WALDROP, J. R. MACMUHDO, 

Southern Traveling Ag't, Gen'l East'n Ag't, No. 9 Astor Gen. Pass. & Ticket Ag't, 
Augusta, Ga. Houf-e, New York City. Richmond, Va. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 17 

of the Gulf come wafted inland through an almost unbroken pine forest, 
bringing healing on their wings. Its situation being dry and free from ma- 
laria, it is an excellent resort for invalids. There are many pretty residences 
in the place, surrounded by beautiful flower gardens. Tlie natural drainage 
of the town is perfect. At this place the South Georgia Agricultural and 
Mechanical Association holds its annual fair, in November, which is largely 
attended, and indicates a high degree of advancement in the agricultural arts. 
The association also has a floral exhibition in the spring. In Thomasville 
there are three excellent colleges, in successful operation, viz : the Fletcher 
Male Institute, Young's Female College, and the Agricultural College for 
Males ; four churches, one each, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, and Epis- 
copalian ; one foundry ; one library association, which contains a well se- 
lected library, and a number of the leading daily newspapers throughout 
the Unjted States ; one Young Men's Christian Association. Three papers 
are published here — The Post, tri-weekly ; The Thomasville Times, and 
Sotithern Enterprise, weekly. The Mitchell House, a new and elegant 
modern hotel, is kept by Messrs. G C. Brown & Co., of New York. The 
building throughout is composed of the very best materials, fronts 190 
feet on Broad street and 88 feet on Jackson ; fire places in every room ; the 
entire building in communication by electricity, using the Electric Enuncia- 
tor; two grand hallways, 190 feet long, and ID feet wide ; ventilation per- 
fect, and lighted throughout with gas. Terms, §2.50 per day ; ^lo.OD to 
$21.00 per week. 

The Gulf House, W. H. Clay, proprietor, opposite Atlantic and Gulf Rail- 
road passenger depot. Rates, per day, ;^2.od; per week, ;$l0.oo; per month, 
^35.00. Reduced rates to families. 

A new livery, to suit the wants of the most exacting, will afford invalids 
and others ample opportunity of enjoying the fine drives in the neighbor- 
hood, which are not equaled in any Southern city, and scarcely surpassed in 
the North. 

The farming lands here are among the best in the State, and the thrift and 
enterprise of the people are proverbial. Cotton is, of course, the principal 
crop, but the intelligence of the farmers here does not permit the sole reli- 
ance to be placed in that staple. Grain of all kinds — corn, wheat, oats and 
rye —are largely produced, and fruits, especially apples, pears and grapes, are 
grown to perfection, and prove largely remunerative. 

The society and morals of this section are excellent, and strangers, coming 
from whatever section they may, are invariably treated with great cordiality 
by all classes of citizens. The lands of Thomas- county can be bought at 
from ^i.oo to $10.00 per acre. Labor is abundant at reasonable rates. 

In reference to Thomasville as a winter resort for invalids, we quote the 
following from a prominent physician : 

" A professional experience of nearly thirty years in thai; portion of the 
2 




^ 



•h^mi 



fft>^^^^- 







I'M Shortest Line anA QmeT^&st Time between 
WloriDlvi unci New %u>r]s„ 



DOUBLE-DAlLY TRAINS CARRYING THE UNITED STATES 

MAIL. NO OMNIBUS TRANSFERS. 

CONNECTIONS SURE. 




HESE roads, as part of the GREAT ATLANTIC COAST 
LINE OF Railways, offer to the traveling public for 
the present season, a schedule hitherto unsurpassed. 

0H17 3? E3URS BJIWESN MW YORK and SAVANNAH, 

^ First-class Sleepers and Parlor Cdrs whenever required. 
Ladies without escort travel in perfect comfort by taking the 
Through Line of Sleepers between Savannah and Boston. 



P. L,. CLEAPOR, 

T. Agent JSortlieastwu it, U. Co. 



S. C. BOYLSTOX, 

G. X. Ayeut a. & C. It. it. Co. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. I9 

pine belt of our State lying between the Flint p.nd Altamaha rivers has afford- 
ed me ami)Ie evidence of its peculiar adaptability to the consumptive. It is 
of rare occurrence in our travels through that entire district, to find a case of 
consumption, and when found, it can be in almost every instance, traced to 
hereditary transmission. I doubt if there is on the globe any region of coun- 
try of the same extent more exempt from all diseases of the respiratory or- 
gans. I have often been surprised at the rapid improvement in my consump- 
tive cases, after removal from the seaboard into that region. I have never 
seen a case of pulmonary tuberculocis in that section of country tliat could 
be attributed to climatic influence. While I do not hesitate to recommend 
the entire district as a safe resort for the consumptive, I must admit that cer- 
tain localities therein possess advantages superior to others. With my knowl- 
edge of the country, if an invalid seeking a winter resort, I would select 
Thomas county, and preferably the town of Thomasville, on account of its 
elevation, its tliorough natural drainage, its pure and delightful freestone waters, 
its dryness, its equability of temperature, and its remoteness from the sea. This 
town, with a population of 4,000, is situated in latitude 30 degrees 40 north, 
and longitude 8 degrees and 40 east. It occupies the greatest elevation of 
any town between the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, at the dividing point of 
the waters flowing into them — two hundred miles from the former, and sixty 
miles to the nearest point on the latter, in the midst of a vast pine forest of 
almost unlimited extent. Thus situated, the winds from the ocean reach it 
sifted of all saline vapor and moisture, comparatively warm and innoxious. 
The natural drainage of the town is excellent, fully adequate to the speedy 
removal of all the water that falls. In a kw hours after the heaviest fall of 
rain the streets are dry, and the atmosphere as clear and balmy as though no 
rain had fallen. In consequence of the rapidity with which the water is car- 
ried off, there is but little absorption, hence but little evaporation, and, as a 
consequence, less moisture than at other points less favorably situated. There 
are no bodies of water within eighteen miles of the town, and the nearest 
river is four miles distant. Fogs, which are the rule on the coast, are the ex- 
ceptions here. During the past winter, the mercury was at the freezing point 
but three times, and then only for a few days. 

" Some months since I addressed a circular letter to all the physicians with 
<i^hom I was acquainted, as well as to those whose names were furnished me, 
practicing in the district of country referred to in this report, requesting them 
to furnish me the number of cases of phthisis pulmonalis coming to their 
knowledge in their respective counties during the year 1873, Twenty phy- 
sicians were kind enough to respond. The total number of cases reported is 
three, two of which are attributed to hereditary transmission ; cause of the 
other not given. Thus, in a population of 50,887, we have but three cases 
of consumption reported for the year 1873. I ^"^ satisfied that no other sec- 
tion of country can make a more favorable report. Surely, a climate where 



20 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

THE UNDERSIGNED HAVE LEASED THIS FAVORITE HOUSE 

AS A WINTER RESORT, IN CONNECTION WITH 

COZZEN'S WEST POINT HOTEL. 








SclvcltztxclJXj Greoi^gtcL. 



The Pulasld House has alioays been considered the best 
Hotel in Savannah. Has advantages no other House has, that 
of Southern exposure, so essential to health and comfort in this 
climate. The House tvill be kept in first-class style. Ready 
for guests November 1st, 1879. 

GOODSELL BROS., 

Proprietors, 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 21 

consumption so rarely occurs must be a safe climate for those in whom that 
disease exists." 

Cairo, No. 20, Thomas county, Georgia; 214 miles from Savannah; post 
office. 

Wllig:ham, No. 21, Decatur county, Georgia; 221 miles west of Savan- 
nah ; is very pleasantly situated on high, rolling land. The healthfulness is 
unsurpassed, being almost entirely exempt from the malarial diseases which 
infest many Southern localities. The water in this section is unequaled, both 
for abundance and quality. A never-failing spring, equal in its character to 
the far-famed water of the hill country, is near the depot, discharging daily 
ten thousand gallons of pure cold water. The town is regularly laid out and 
incorporated, containing two good boarding houses, six stores, two churches, 
a good academy, post office and express office. Two miles west is a large 
turpentine distillery. The land around this place is well adapted to agricul- 
tural purposes — both pine aud hammock — lies well, and is of full average 
grade of fertility. It surpasses any region around as a fruit growing section. 
Price of land ranges in price from ^i.OO to ^8.00 per acre. Six miles north 
is a remarkable natural curiosity, known as the " Lime Sink," where a creek 
suddenly falls over a perpendicular precipice, descending into the bowels of 
the earth about 100 feet. It then disappears mysteriously under ground. 
This channel has been explored for a distance of 200 yards from the point of 
its wonderful disappearance. Further exploration was prevented by a large 
river. About two miles from the " Lime Sink" is another remarkable nat- 
ural curiosity, called the " Blowing Cave." Through an opening in the 
earth, nearly twelve inches in diameter, a strong current of air is ever pass- 
ing. During the morning, or first half of the day, the air escapes from the 
opening, but throughout the afternoon, or latter part of the day, the direction 
of the current is reversed, and is drawn into the opening by some unseen 
power of suction, said to be sufificiently strong to draw into the cave a hand- 
kerchief or any other light body. This village offers to the immigrant seek- 
ing a desirable location many inducements. 

Climax, No. 22, 227 miles from Savannah, in Decatur county, Georgia; 
post office. 

Baillbrid!?e, No. 23, Decatur county, Georgia; the present terminus of 
the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad; telegraph, post and express offices; county 
seat; population, l,8oo. Situated on the east bank of the Flint river, about 
fifty feet above the stream, beautifully shaded with oaks ; average annual 
temperature, 65 , healthful, and climate in winter particularly favorable to 
the Northern invalid. This place does a thriving business with the various 
landings on Flint, Chattahoochee, and Apalachicola rivers. Steamboats, 
making semi-weekly trips on these rivers, bring a large amount of cotton to 
Bainbridge, forshipment to Savannali. The Weekly Democrat\^ published here. 

Hotel, Sharon House ; accommodations for 75 ; rates, ^2.00 per day, ;g8.oo 
per week, ^25. 00 per month; reduced rates to families. 



GLIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA ANU FLORIDA. 




Its location is on the most fashionable business street of the city, contigu- 
ous to the Post Office, Custom House, City Hall and leading wholesale and 
retail houses. It is the only edifice in the city originally erected entirely for 
Hotel purposes; is constructed in modern style, and contains the most recent 
improvements; two spacious dining halls, used as a gentleman's and ladies' 
ordinary respectively. Along the whole front of the building extends a beau- 
tiful veranda, affoiding a fine view of the promenade. It has large rooms, 
high ceilings, and perfect ventilation. It is lighted with gas, fire places, elec- 
tric bells, and wardrobes in every room. The sleeping rooms are furnished 
throughout with black walnut furniture, spring beds and hair mattresses. The 
table is supplied with all the luxuries of the season. Travelers and families 
are assured that no effort will be spared to make a sojourn at the " Marshall" 
pleasant and agreeable in all respects. 

The " Marshall" claims to be a first-class hotel, and will be so kept the 
year round. Very few hotels have established so pleasant and pleasing rep- 
utation. A visit will verify all that is herein said of the House and its manage- 
ment. All inquiries by mail will receive prompt attention. A fine billiard 
parlor, furnished with Brunswick, Balke & Co.'s celebrated tables, has just 



been added. 



JOHN BRESNAN. 




ALBANY DIVISION 

OF THE 

ATLANTIC AND GL'LF RAILROAD, 

From THOMASVILLE, GA., to ALBANY. 

fjT^ — 

^ilOMASVILLE, Thomas county, Georgia ; 200 miles from Savannah. 
(See page 15.) Four miles west of this place the road crosses the 
Okloknee river. 

Okloknoe, Thomas county, Georgia; 2H miles from Savan- 
nah; post and express offices. Within 2^ miles, is the finest water- 
power in Southwest Georgia, amply sufficient for a cotton factory. 
Within 5 miles is a fine mineral spring; it is large and perfectly 
transparent, beautifully situated, and with a small outlay of capital could be 
made a popular summer resort; it is situated opposite the 216 mile post and 
about 500 yards from the line of road. The health of this place cannot be 
surpassed. 

Pelham, Mitchell county, Georgia ; 224 miles from Savannah. This sec- 
tion of country offers superior inducements to manufacturers of naval stores. 
Timber plentiful and convenient to line of railroad. Only one man engaged 
in the business here. Plenty of room for more. Hands are easily had that 
understand working the trees, such as cutting boxes, hacking, etc. 

Civniilla, Mitchell county, Georgia; 232 miles from Savannah ; telegraph 
office; county seat. This is a pleasant little village, well located in a fine 
cotton growing country. Population, 800. 

Bacontoil, Mitchell county, Georgia ; 242 miles from Savannah ; post 
office. 

Hardaway, Dougherty county, Georgia; 250 miles from Savannah; iwst 
office. 

Albany, Dougherty county Georgia; 258 miles from Savannah; terminus 
of the Albany division of Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, and connected with 
Macon, Ga., by a branch railroad from Smithville to Arlington, 106 miles 
from Macon ; with Brunswick by the Brunswick and Albany Railroad. Tel- 
egraph office ; county seat. Population, 3,500. From the central location of 
this town, it bids fair to become a prosperous city. Surrounded by the best 
cotton lands of the State, quite a trade is done in this staple. From 25,000 
to 30,000 bales cotton are shipped from this point annually. There are sev- 
eral foundries and mills here, and large warehouses for the storage and sale 
of cotton. Hotels: Albany House and Bogen House ; rates per day, ^2.00; 
per week, ^10.00; per month, ^30.00. 
23 



24 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



ASHMEAD BROTHERS, 

33 WEST BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 




/or 

AIM 



1 



fiiBS, piir 



') 



100^ 



A]ND DEALERS IN FANCY ARTICLES. 



-ALL THE LATEST- 



Sailj and Wosklj Papers, Mgnthlj t\^m%s Ferioiicals, Music, Etc. 

FJLOBIDA GUIDE BOOKS, 31 APS AND VIJEWS, 



All Goods at Northern Prices. 

Orders by mail promptly attended to. 

The Cheapest Place to Buy Goods. 




IJAU& 





-MANUFACTURERS OF 

1^ ^ 



^ 1% nin A mti^ 




H A A 



SALE BOOM, LA FAVOItlTA, 

Corner Bay and Pine Streets. 

Factory B4 to 06 West Bay Street, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 



FLORIDA DIVISION 

OF THE 

ATLANTIC AND GULF RAILROAD, 

From DuPONT, GA., to LIVE OAK, FLA, 




■ uPONT, Clinch county, Georgia ; 13 1 miles from Savannah. (See 
page II.) 
,«=5^^j™, Statenville, Echols county, Georgia; 150 miles from Savaii- 

X V ? Jl "'^'^ ' P°^'' °'^'^^ ' county seat of the same name distant 6 miles. 
Six miles west of this station the road crosses the boundary line 
between Georgia and Florida. 
Jasper, Hamilton county, Florida; 163 miles from Savannah; 
county seat. Town fast improving; three ginning establishments J 
two saw mills. Passengers for the White Sulphur Springs can get convey- 
ances from this point. Four post offices are supplied from this point, viz : 
Bellville, Jennings, Ancrum, and White Sulphur Springs. 
Marion, Jasper county, Florida; 168 miles from Savannah. 
Sinvaniice, Suwannee county, Florida; 172 miles from Savannah, go miles 
from Jacksonville, and 89 miles from Tallahassee, the capital of the State. One 
mile east of this station, on the south bank of the Suwannee river, are situ- 
ated the Lower Mineral Springs, which attained great popularity previous to 
the war as a watering place, being visited by a great many persons from 
Southwestern Georgia and Middle Florida. The lands on the Hamilton 
county side of the Suwannee, north of the springs, are very valuable for ag- 
ricultural purposes ; those on the Suwannee county side are light pine lands, 
and consequently not so valuable. 

Rixford, Suwannee county, Florida; 175 miles from Savannah, 86 miles 
from Jacksonville, and 87 miles from Tallahassee. This is a new settlement, 
and the point at which the Eagle Turpentine and Naval Stores Manufactory 
is located, the largest of the kind in Florida. 

Livp Oak, Suwannee county, Florida; 179 miles from Savannah, 82 from 
Jacksonville and Tallahassee; the junction of the Florida branch of the At- 
lantic and Gulf Railroad with the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Rail- 
road ; the county seat of Suwannee county; population, by census of 1870, 
805 whites, 591 colored; takes its name from the live oak sink, which was a 
25 



26 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 




"DIM 



uniinr 




YOUR ATTENTION IS CALLED TO THE ACCOMMODATIONS 

AND ADVANTAGES AFFORDED TO WINTER BOARDERS 

BY THE LARKIN HOUSE, SITUATED ON THE 

ST. JOHNS RIVER, PALATKA, FLORIDA, 

WHICH WILL OPEN ABOUT DECEMBER, 1879 

FOR THE RECEPTION OF GUESTS IN PURSUIT OF AN— — 

Equable Climate, Combined wiUi the Hecreations 

FISHING, GUNNING, BOATING, ETC. 

PERSONS OF DELICATE HEALTH SEEKING THE PROTEC- 
TION of a MILD and STEADY TEMPERATURE, where the 
, Thermometer never falls below 40 degrees, will find our house the 
LARGEST and FINEST on the St. Johns river. It is south 
of Jacksonville and St. Augustine, and has room for Two 
Hundred and Fifty persons, and is arranged with all . 
the modern conveniences, including the following : 

/. The Hotel is entirely new, with large rooms, high ceilings, and pe7-fect 
ventilatiott. 

2. It is lighted with gas, the rooms contain electric bells, and ivardrobes 
built in the walls. 

J. The sleeping rooms are furnished throughout with Black Walnut Fur- 
niture, Spring Beds, and Hair Mattresses. 

4.. The table is supplied with all the luxuries of the season, equal to any in 
the country. The house is beautifjilly located on the river ba7iks, and is 
entirely surrounded by szveet orange, live oak, and banana trees. 

LARKIN & ALLEN, Proprietors. 

D. F. LARKIN, of Larkin House, Watch Hill, Rhode Island. 

A. D, ALLEN, of Norwich, Connecticut. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



27 



celebrated land mark with the hunters in the early settlement of this portion 
of the State, from 1824 until it was selected by the engineers in locathig the 
branch road as the starting point to connect witli the Georgia system. The 
live oak tree which marked the sink, and gave to it the name, is now dead, 
having been destroyed by the rising of the water in the sink, caused by the 
railroad embankment, which obstructed the drainage. Western Union Tele- 
graph station, post office, and agency of the Southern Express. Truck farm- 
ing is carried on extensively at this point, and large quantities of vegetables 
are shipped to the Northern and Northwestern cities every season. There 
are two hotels, a saw mill, three cotton gins, two grist mills, and a rosin and 
terpentine manufactory. 






v^-^ 



a8 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 




ST. AUaUSTINE, FLORIDA. 



m iigiilif 



SKIkjf'HIS spacious and elegant Hotel occupies th^ most commanding situation in this 
allffl^ city, having' bei n enlargeil to double its former capacity, ofl'era superior 
^™^ accommodations to the traveling iiublio. 

It has a southerly front of 20'J feet upon the Plaza or Public Square, and an easterly 
front of KiO feet upon the Bay.wish wide piazzas and hanging balconies from each story, 
overlookin{» the City, Bay and Atlantic Ocean. 

The House has been entirely refitted and refurnished throughout; the Dining 
Room, Parlors, Billiard Room. Restaurant, and manv of the Sleeping Hooms havo 
been elegantly frescoed duiin^; the past summer. It is lighted with gas and piovided 
with every modern improvement, including water conveniences, electric bells, etc. 

The piazza has been raised and enclosed on the south side, and the drainage of the 
hotel made perfect 

has been opened, where all the delicacies of the New York markets can be obtained aj 
resonable jDrices. 

The Dining Hall is capable of seating over 300 guests, and the table will be fur- 
nished with all the lu.'iuries of the Northern markets. 

At this Hotel every convenience will be fuund in the way of Telegraph and Ticket 
Offices, Bar and Billiard Saloons, etc., etc. 

The climate of St. Augustine is unsurpassed. For many years it has been the 
favorite resort for thousands of invalids and others who desire to escape the rigid 
winters of the North. 

possesses more attractions than any other place on this continent; prominent among 
■which are the old fort " .San Marco," with its duugeons; the ancient Cathedral, Spanish 
Government House, Coquina buildings, narrow streets with overhanging balconies, 
Bea walls, etc., etc. 

The city has a very eventful history, and still retains all the characteristics of its 
Spanish origin. The United States Government built a sea wall, extending the entire 
length of tU • city, as a protection from the waves during severe storms, which is much 
used as tlie fashionable promenade for both ci'izens and strangers. It is a favorite 
resort on moonlight nights, which are enjoyed here to perfection. 

Person -i wishing to avoid the cold weather ol the North or afflicted with pulmonary 
complaints, will find St. Augustine one of the most desirable places in the world. 

To reach St. Augustine from New York there are four distinct routes: "All rail" to 
Jacksonville, thence by boat to Tocoi (forty miles up the St. Johns River, daily) and 
thence o; rail fourteen miles to St. Augustine; or by steamer to Charleston, Savannah, 
or c'ernaudina, and by boat or rail from thence to St. Augustine. 

Steamers to Charleston and Savannah three times a week, and to Fernandina once 
a week. 



FLORIDA. 




!0 MUCH has been written about this world-renowned winter resort 
that we scarcely consider it necessary to enumerate the many at- 
tractions which are to be found here ; but, for the benefit of the 
uninitiated, we will give a few points. 

TO TOURISTS. 

This State is being fully appreciated by tourists, and has been known 
long enough to have its regular visitors, to say nothing of the constant 
flow of new comers from all parts of the United States. Those who 
have visited it are satisfied that no other locality equals the St. Johns and 
Ocklawaha rivers in picturesque variety of beautiful scenery, or in facilities 
for boating, fishing and hunting. 

The attractions to be found in Florida draw the same visitors there again 
and again. The many persons who visit this section annually, are glad when 
they arrive and loth to depart. 

The searcher after historical reminiscences will find much of interest in 
traces of Spanish occupation for centuries back, especially in the vicinity of 
St. Augustine. 

At the usual resorts for tourists can be found hotels and private boarding 
houses, that offer the comforts of a home and the attractions of fashionable 
society. 

TO INVALIDS. 

For a hundred years past this State has been known at home and abroad as 
one of the most healthful localities in the world. 

The thermometer seldom rises above 90 degrees in the summer, or falls 
below 30 degrees in the winter. 

Northerners have long resorted here to find in the mild and genial climate 
relief from the frigid temperature at home. Those who, from frequent visits 
and repeated experiments, are best able to form an opinion, unite in declaring 
the climate of Florida unequaled by any other section of country for comfort 
and health. 

To those persons afflicted with pulmonary complaints, we say come to 
Florida, as many thousands before you have done; and, if all have not 
recovered, many have lengthened their days thereby. Don't hesitate until 
the "foul destroyer" has gained the mastery over you; but come before it is 
beyond the power of the climate to aid you, 
29 



3° 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 






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I Situated 200 miles from Savannah, on the A. Si G. R. R., 400 feet | 

I above the level of the Sea in the midst of a vast pine forest. | 

I Atmosphere dry. Water pure, and drainage perfect. | 

I *» I 

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(^©a©d rnQtohmm %m% iSTS. 



Board frofni $10 to $21 per Week. 
rer day, $2M0 to $3,00. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 3! 

The census of 1870 shows that the deaths from puhnonary complaints here 
Are less than in any other State, notwithstanding the fact that so many persons 
come here from all portions of the country. 

The general health of Florida is unexceptionable. We have conversed 
Willi llie most intelligent medical men and read the statements of others on 
the subject, and they all seem to coincide with our view just expressed. Here 
is what Surgeon-General Lawson says on the subject: 

" Indeed, the statistics in the bureau demonstrate the fact that the diseases 
which result from malaria are of a much milder type in the peninsula of 
Florida, than in any other State in the Union. The record shows that the 
ratio of deaths to the number of remittent fever cases has been much less 
than among the troops serving in other portions of the United States. In the 
northern division of the United States tiie proportion is 1 death to 36 cases of 
remittent fever; in the middle division, i to 52 ; in the southern division, i 
to 54; in Texas, i to 7S ; in California, i to 122; in New Mexico, i to 148; 
while in Florida, it is luit i to 2S7." 

This gentleman writes this without any prejudice or partiality whatever, 
and only states what every visitor to Florida must feel. 
TO IMMIGRANTS. 

The cheapness of lands in Southern Cieorgia and Florida, the extremely 
healthy climate, and the variety of crops peculiar to the soil, offer induce- 
ments not found elsewhere. We will venlure the assertion that there is not 
a more hajjpy and independent peo[)le in America than those who inhabit 
what is termed the " v\' ire-grass" region of Georgia and Florida. There 
everything is raised that is needed for home consumption. The streams 
abound in fish ; the forests contain deer and other desirable game, and large 
herds of sheep and cattle roam over richest pastures, planted by the hand of 
Omnipotence. The people are out of debt. Their smoke-houses are in their 
yards — not in the far West. Their bread comes from their cribs — not from 
those of speculators — and the clothing they wear is, in m.iny cases, the 
handiwork of their industrious wives and daughters. 

Who would exchange a life of this kind for tiie sake of being in " society," 
with all its petty exactions and its numerous trains of worse evils ? 

Here the industrious laborer is sure of making a comfortable living — that 
is the least he may expect. Land is offered on such terms that it requires 
but a small capital to secure a home and begin the operation of farming. 

The people are hospitable and ever ready to extend the hand of welcome 
to deserving strangers. To such " their latch strings hang on tiie outside of 
their doors." Take it all and all, it is just the place for young men to set 
their stakes and pitch their tents. 

To manufacturers of lumber, naval stores, etc., the coun*ry offers great 
inducement=!. r"\-ery facility is oifereJ to such by this road in j^'iviug teduced 
rates of fare, ele. 



32 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

0. BETTELINFS HOUSE, 

CEDAR KEYS, F LORIDA. 

NEW AND BUILT ENTIRELY OF CONCRETE. KEPT ON THE 

EUROPEAN PLAN. ELEGANT ROOMS COMPLETELY 

FURNISHED. CONVENIENT TO RAILROAD 

AND STEAMBOAT LANDINGS. 



The table fitrnished with all the substantials and delicacies afforded by the mar- 
ket, prepared in a most savory manner by a French ciok. In conaectiou with the Kea- 
taurant will be found fine imported wines, liquors, cigars, ko. Our house offers all 
the modern comforts and conveniences usually expected at a first-class Hotel, at mod- 
erate prices. 

WILLIAM A. DELL, 

(Successor to L'ENGLE & DELL,) 

DRUGGIST:Mr PHARMACIST, 

TOILET ARTICLES, PERFUMERY, ETC. 
35 WEST BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

PHYSICIAN'S PRESCRIPTIONS A SPECIALTY. 

HIBERNIA, 

SITUATED ON THE WEST BANK OF THE ST. JOHNS RIVER, 
TWENTY-THREE MILES ABOVE JACKSONVILLE. 



All Charleston, Savannah and River Steamers stop at the wharf in front 

of the House. Accommodations for 50 persons. Board from ^12 

to ^15 per week. No extra charges. Filtered rain water 

for all uses, and the table well supplied with 

fresh vegetables and milk. 



F. A. FLEMING, Propkietor. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 33 

A small pamphlet giving description, location, price, etc., of all lands for 
sale on line of road, can be procured by addressing Jas. L. Taylor, General 
Passenger Agent Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, Savannah, Ga. 

Professor H. E. Colton, of the American Institute of New York, gives it 
as his opinion that "the most inviting field, and where the inducements are 
greater than any other for the intelligent emigrant who wishes to raise early 
vegetables for market (the season being two weeks earlier), where the land is 
cheap, where rapid transportation is offered, where all ' truck ' strikes together, 
is along the line of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad." The Professor says he 
knows the attention of many are turned to this locality ; hence, he gives his 
opinion as a guide to those who contemplate making their homes in this sec- 
tion. This is strong and emphatic language, but no less strong than true, 
and can be corroborated by hundreds who have taken the pains to satisfy 
themselves on this point. Coming from the source it does, a Northern scien- 
tific agriculturist, one who has traveled and investigated the subject, with the 
view of giving correct information, is likely to have its full weight and effect. 
Professor Colton's paper will be read and pondered by hundreds and thou- 
sands, more so than if fifty similar papers had occurred in the Georgia press. 
Continued and increasing evidence of the facts as set forth in Mr. Colton's 
paper is to be seen more and more year after year. Ten years ago but few 
farms and fewer vegetable gardens were to be observed along the line of the 
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, but now the traveler, while speeding along over 
this highway, makes use of the oft-repeated remark : " What a large num- 
ber and great variety of early vegetables and fancy corn patches the people 
are cultivating in this country !" 

HOW TO REACH FLORIDA. 

Visitors to Florida from the North and East should make Savannah their 
objective point, thence via Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, which is the preferred 
route to all points in Northern, Middle and Eastern Florida. 

From the West, Northwest and Southwest you have the choice of three 
routes via Louisville, Montgomery, Eufaula, Albany, and Atlantic and Gulf 
Railroad, popularly known as the " Eufaula Line," with its elegant line of 
through sleeping and parlor cars, running all the year round ; via Louisville 
Nashville, Atlanta, Macon, Jesup, and Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, or via 
Nashville, Atlanta, Macon, Albany, and Atlantic and Gulf Railroad, all of 
which are pleasant. 

Through tickets by all of above routes. Time cards, etc., can be had by 
applying at all railroad ticket offices of the principal cities, or at the Savannah 
steamship agencies in Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, or Boston. 
3 



34 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 





HOTEI- 




ST. jlUGUSTIHE, 




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. . . . . . ........... . .|,|,i,„.,i, ,,r 

ROP 



■ null I I ■ I I nil If! . II I « nil 

PROPRIETOR 



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iiiif f'fiiirn 



^jURING the past summer the Magnolia has been enlarged to 

accommodate double its former capacity. Suits of rooms have 

j-jI-^JBIl-^I^ been arranged for the special convenience of families. 

' \^4\\Ij" ""' The springs, beds, mattresses, etc., have been specially se- 

- lected for comfort and ease. Each room is supplied with 

electric call bells, and nearly all the rooms are furnished with fire places, etc. 

Its new dining room is capable of seating about two hundred guests. The 

cuisine will continue to be in every respect unexceptionable. 



THE MAGN0LIA-^=5=O 

Is located upon St. George street — the Fifth Avenue of St. Augustine. It 

stands upon the highest ground in the city, and affords a fine 

view of the town and ocean. 



STATIONS AND POINTS OF INTEREST 

ON THE 

JACKSONVILLE, PENSACOLA^ MOBILE RAILROAD. 




llJgHIS road traverses the northern portion of the State, from Chatta- 
hoocliee river to Jacksonville, distance 209 miles, with branches to 
Monticello and St. Marks, connecting at Live Oak with Florida di- 
vision of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad for all points North and 
West, and at Baldwin with the Atlantic, Gulf and West India 
Transit Company's Railroad for Fernandina, Gainesville and Ce- 
dar Keys. 

WESTWARD FROM LIVE OAK. 

Liye Onk, Suwannee county, Plorida; 82 miles from Jacksonville. (See 
stations on Atlantic and Gulf Railroad.) 

Ellavillo, Madison county, Florida ; 95 miles from Jacksonville ; post 
and telegraph offices. Situated on the west bank of the Suwannee river, 
at its junction with the Withlacoochee, it is admirably adapted to the lumber 
business, in which Messrs. Drew and Bucki, the founders of the place, are 
extensively engaged, they having several large mills in the vicinity. 

MiUlisoil, Madison county Florida; no miles from Jacksonville; tele- 
graph office; county seat. Population about l,ooo. Located in a fertile re- 
gion of country. Considerable early vegetables and fruits are raised here. 
Several lakes in the vicinity abound with fish. 

Greenville, Madison county, Florida; 124 miles from Jacksonville; situ- 
ated in the midst of the cotton growing section of Florida. 

AuC'.Ua, Jefter.son county, Florida; 131 miles from Jacksonville; near the 
river of the same name. 

Drifton, Jefferson county, Florida; 138 miles from Jacksonville. Con- 
nection is here made twice a day with Monticello by a branch road, distance 
four miles. Monticello is a pleasant little town of some 1,200 inhabitants; 
post, express and telegraph offices. This place has many attractions, and is 
the commercial center of one of the wealthiest counties in the cotton belt of 
Florida. Lake Miccosukie, not far distant, is a place of some historical note. 
The Constitiction, a weekly paper, is published here. 
35 



36 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA. AND FLORIDA. 



t HBLMGTQM _ t 



t 



m 



HO'ISE 



t 



ca e 



I'lQsrIda, 



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I til a M3^ ^f^- JLK^ JL imJU&a |-\^ 

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mm aiiiif iiiiiiiii- 

Opens November I5tli, 1879, under the same management as last year. The 

table and cuisine departments will be strictly in keeping with the 

first-class appointments of the house. 



Gainesville is 250 feet above Jacksonville, and is noted for its healthy, 

balmy atmosphere. All leading physicians recommend 

Gainesville for invalids suffering with asthmatic 

or bronchial affections. 



The Arlington, the only leading house in the place, contains 60 elegantly 

furnished rooms, with an electric enunciator 

communicating with each room. 



TERMS MODERATE 



B@" ADDRESS, 



Or, Gainesville, Fla. 



J. B. WISTAR, 

Broad and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 37 

LloydSj Leon county, Florida; 147 miles from Jacksonville ; post, express 
and telegraph offices. 

CliairPS, Leon county, Florida; 153 miles from Jacksonville. 

Tallaliassee, Leon county, Florida; 165 miles from Jacksonville and 262 
miles from Savannah ; telegraph and money order ofiice; the capital of the 
State and county seat. Population, 2,500. 

This was formerly a place of considerable wealth, and is still famous for 
the refinement and hospitality of its inhabitants, located in a rolling country, 
with a bracing climate, pleasant to invalids, the summer heat being modified 
by constant breezes from the Gulf of Mexico, only 21 miles distant. There 
are several pretty lakes in the vicinity, on which the sportsman can find pleasant 
pastime in the proper season. Tallahassee has many handsome residences, 
surrounded by gardens pleasant to the eye of the florist. 

Two weekly papers, the Floridian (Democratic), and Patriot (Republi- 
can), are published here. 

A branch railroad from this point connects with St. Marks, distance 21 
miles. This was formerly a place of considerable commercial importance, 
but since the era of railroads, it is almost deserted. A United States signal 
station is located here. 

Some sixteen miles from Tallahassee, in Wakulla county, is the famous 
Wakulla Spring. This is the spring which, it is said, gave rise to the tra- 
dition of " The Fountain of Youth^^ so eagerly sought for by the early Spanish 
adventurers, who believed that a bath in its clear sparkling waters would con- 
fer eternal youth and beauty. This spot is the irequent resort of picnic and 
pleasure parties, and many a romantic and amorous legend attaches to it. No 
description can do justice to its marvelous beauty. To float upon its surface, 
and gaze down through the clear water to an immense depth, gives one very 
much the sensation of being suspended in space. Below, the water gushes 
out from among immense rocks, reflecting the beautiful prismatic hues of the 
rainbow, and giving back the rays of the sun in millions of forms of beauty. 
The smallest object is distinctly visible upon the bottom, and fish darting to and 
fro, agile and graceful, are constantly to be seen, sporting amid the grottoes 
and caverns, fit dwellings for naiad and water nymph. Some years ago, the 
bones of an immense mastodon were raised from the bottom of the spring, 
and are nov/ on exhibition in a museum in one of the Northern cities. None 
of the beauties and wonders of the " Land of Flowers" excel in interestand 
attractiveness this wonderful Wakulla Spring. 

Midway, Leon county, Florida; 177 miles from Jacksonville. 
Quilicy, Gadsden county, Florida; 189 miles from Jacksonville; telegraph 
office; county seat; population about 1,000. This little town and the sur- 
rounding country is noted for the refinement of its inhabitants, and prior to 
the war was the seat of considerable wealth. Quincy has three churches and 
a good hotel and boarding houses at reasonable rates. 



38 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



Open from November ist to May ist, 
PROPRIETORS, 

JACKSONVILLE. - - FLORIDA. 



The Sai-atoga of the South. All the Northern comforts with a warm and eqnahle 
climate. New brick hotel. Fire hose on each floor, passenger elevator, and all mudern 
improvements. 



Ml MS m 





FURCHGOTT, BENEDICT & CO 

Offer the above at strictly Northern prices. Large facilities enable iis to do it. Our 
gelecti on is the best in the 8tate. We keep all grades of goods from the cheapest to the 
very best quality, comprising everything imaginable in the line of Dry Goods and 
Carcets, Oilcloths, Window Shades, etc. 

Visitors will find our establishment the largest and most attractive in Jacksonville. 



CaUat 



FUBCHGOTT, BBNEBICT & CO., 

Corner of Pine and Bay Streets, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



4omm ULAWL, 

AND 

G-eneToL Stecbmboat Argent 

—ALSO 

AGENT FOR "SQUIRES" LINE PACKETS FROM NEW YORK, 
AND SMYRNA PACKETS. 

28 E. Bay Street, Jacksonville, Florida. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 39 

Mount Pleasant, Gadsden county, P'lorida; 19S miles from Jacksonville; 
post office. 

Chattahoochee Station, Gadsden county, Florida; 206 miles from Jack- 
sonville. Near this point is the State Penitentiary and Insane Asylum, for- 
merly the United States Arsenal, buildings donated by the general govern- 
ment for these jnirposes. 

Chattahooi'hee Landing, Gadsden county, Florida ; 209 miles from Jack- 
sonville ; post office; the present western terminus of this road. Here connec- 
tion is made with the Central line of steaniers for Apalacliicola, Eufaula, Co- 
lumbus, etc. 

EASTWARD FROM LIVE OAK. 

HoilstOUU, Suwannee county, Florida; 76 miles from Jacksonville ; post 
office. 

Welborn, Suwannee county, Florida ; 71 miles from Jac'csonville ; post 
and express offices; population about 150. The surrounding country is level 
and generally produces well, being admirably adapted for raising early vege- 
tables for shipment North. Several private houses will take boarders at 
moderate charges. About eight miles of this point are the White Sulphur 
Springs, which are frequented by sufferers from dyspepsia, rheumatism, etc., 
the waters being adapted to the cure of these diseases. 

Lake City, Columbia county, Florida ; 59 miles from Jacksonville ; county 
seat; population about 1,000. Present eastern terminus of the Jacksonville, 
Pensacola and Mobile Railroad and junction with Florida Central Railroad. 
This place derives its name from the numerous lakes in the vicinity, which 
abound with fish at all seasons. Two hotels and numerous boarding houses 
furnish ample accommodations for visitors. A weekly paper, the Reporter, 
is published here. 

Olustee, Baker county, Florida; 47 miles from Jacksonville ; noted as the 
site of the most sanguinary battle fought in the State during the late war. 

A large body of Federal troops, under the command of Major-General 
Truman Seymour, marched westward from Jacksonville, in February, 1864. 
At this place they encountered the Confederate forces, under command of 
General Joseph Finegan. A desperate battle ensued, lasting from i p. m. 
until dark. The Federals were defeated, and retreated toward Jacksonville, 
abandoning their dead and wounded. Their loss was heavy, including Col. 
Fribly (of the colored troops), killed. 

Sanderson, Baker county, Florida; 37 miles from Jacksonville; post and 
telegraph offices. 

Baldwin, Duval county, Florida; 19 miles from Jacksonville ; post and 
telegraph offices; junction with the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit 
Company's Railroad, for Fpniandina, distant 47 miles northward, and Cedar 
Keys, 107 miles southward. Two hotels here accommodate guests. 



40 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



0, L, 1 

iiimi, Fill 



» m MS, 



No. 67 West Bay Street, corner of Laura, Jacksonville, Fla., 

Has now in Stock a line line of Millinery Goods, including Pattern 



And the latest Novelties in Millinery. 

Including a fine line <if Black Dress Silks. Cashmeres, DrapD'Kte, Henrietta Cloth 

and Fancy Suitings, with Galons and Fringes to match. 

Ladies', Gent's and Children's Fancy Hosiery, Silk Ties, Scarfs and Handkerchiefs, 

Ladies' and Children's Merino and Gauze Vests, Children's Worsted 

Sacqnes, Socks, Mittens and Waists. 

Silk Umbrellas and Parasols. A fine line of Kid, Undressed Kid and Lisle Gloves, 

Corsets, including the celebrated "Cork Corset;" Table Linen — 

Napkins, Towels, Tidies; Lace Curtains. 

A fine line of White Goods; Real Hair Switches and Puffs; Bergman & Co. 's Zephyr 

Worsteds, Worsted Patterns, Zephyr and Shetland Shawls; 

Wenck's Perfumery and Toilet Soap. 



BILLIARD SALOON. 

SEVEN NEW TABLES. 
A FIRST-CLASS BAR with CHOICE LIQUORS, WINES & CIGARS. 

Bccy StTe^et, JcLcksorh\rtZle, Ji^ZcL. 

Under Metropolitan Opera House, opposite Post Office. 



^oiaif 



X'0@M'l. 



-DEALER IN- 



LAGER BEER AND BASS' ALE ON DRAUGHT. 

CHOICE HAVANA & DOMESTIC CIGARS, TOBACCO, &C. 

BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, 

Under Metropolitan Opera House. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 4I 

TTllite House, Duval county, Florida ; 1 1 miles from Jacksonville ; wood 
station. 

Jacksonville, Duval county, Florida; 261 miles from Savannah; eastern 
terminus Florida Central Railroad ; is located on the St. Johns river, 25 miles 
from the Atlantic ocean, and is the objective point of most visitors to the 
State. It is the largest city on the Atlantic coast south of Savannah, and 
the principal commercial emporium of the State, extending along the banks 
of the river for four miles. The streets are regularly laid out, with fine shade 
trees to add to their beauty. Numerous handsome buildings, both public and 
private, show its importance. Within its limits are twelve churches — three 
Methodist, three Baptist, two Presbyterian, two Episcopalian, one Roman 
Catholic, and one Second Advent, and a Jewish synagogue. From its popu- 
larity as the Southern winter resort, this place has acquired hotel accommo- 
dations unsurpassed in the South, and innumerable private boarding-houses, 
where first-class accommodations can be had. 

The lumber interest of this city is of great importance. An immense 
trade has been built up, giving employment to a fleet of vessels and many 
hands. 

The municipal organization of the city is quite complete, including an 
efficient police and regular fire department. 

From this point the various lines of river boats make their trips to the 
various landings on the St. Johns and Ockl.xwaha rivers. (See advertise- 
ments.) 

The Masonic, Odd Fellows, Temperance, Knights of Pythias, and other 
charitable associations, are in a flourishing condition. The Jacksonville 
Yacht Club has erected a fine club house, which is a decided ornament to the 
city. Commodore William B. Astor, owner of the superb yachts Atalanta 
and Ambassadress, is the presiding officer. 

One of the pleasantest features of a visit to Jacksonville during " the sea- 
son " is the charming society to be found in its inhabitants and visitors. 
Acquaintances begun in the summer at the seaside resorts or watering places 
may here be continued ; and a continual round of balls, hops, boating and 
yachtmg parties, excursions, etc., which are seldom interfered with by the 
weather, give an air of gaiety and pleasure to the place quite in keeping with 
its fame as a winter resort par excellence. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

FIRSTCLASS PRIVATE 

BOARDING House. 






HOUSE IS A NEW ONE, and NEWLY FURNISHED 
V -iWr > THROUGHOUT, and will accommodate about forty guests. 
(?\%s5b?M Is situated on Charlotte street, two doors from the corner of 
iogWgT»3 Treasury street, and one block from the " Plaza." 



I A very pleasant location, and well fitted for the comfort of visitors. 

Persons desiring to find a comfortable home to spend the winter in St. 
Augustine will find it with the congenial, warm-hearted hostess, Mrs. J. V. 
HERNANDEZ, who for the past eleven years has given entire satisfaction. 



ON HAND, A GOOD ASSORTMENT OF 

JlLLiaJ^TO^R TEETH, 

EEJlTHER ELO^YERS. 

ALL KINDS 

\m wmMs \m mm, ann mm. mm 



Itailroad Tickefs Sold to all Points, 

]^^ Baggage Checked at Residence, "'©g 



^^i^ 




ST.joHN's river; 

FLORIDA. 



Rand, Avery & Co. 

Map Engr's, Boston. 



44 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

QUINAN'S 

HIBERNIAN HOUSE, 

116 ami 118 BRYAN STREET, 

SAVANNAH. : : : : GEORGIA. 



NICELY FURNISHED ROOMS AT MODERATE RATES. 

BAR and OYSTER SALOON ATTACHED. 

M. T. QUINAN. 

Delightfully sititated on the Gulf coast of Florida, on " Tiger Tail Island" 

in the Homosassa river, three miles from the Gulf and forty miles 

southeast of Cedar Keys. 

Good Hunting-. Fishing Unsurpassed. Thirteen kinds of Fisli 

Taliing the Fly. 

Perfectly healthy. Good table. Comfortable rooms — well lighted and 
heated. Good clean beds. 

Sloop yacht " Ella M. Little " leaves Cedar Keys every Thursday morning 
for Homosassa, direct. Boats of all kinds can be hired by week or month. 
Terms for board, ^2.50 per day. Accommodation for twenty-four boarders. 
Address, 

ALFRED P. JONES, 
Cedar Keys, Florida. 

MY FARM OF SEVENTY-FIVE ACRES, ONE-HALF MILE FROM 
the town of Bronson, Levy county, Florida, on Atlantic, Gulf and West 
India Transit Railroad, a two-story frame house of twelve (12) rooms, with 
a two-story gallery on three sides, a well of fine water, and all necessary out- 
houses. Ten (10) acres under plow, and the whole seventy-five acres under 
a GOOD FENCE, with young orange grove of about four hundred tiees, 
and a young nursery of about fifteen hundred trees from one to three (3) 
years old. 

A young orchard of LeConte or Sand Pears, Peaches, Plums, Siberian 
Crab Apples, Quinces, Figs, Japan Persimmons, Bananas and Pomegranates. 
A vineyard of choice Grapes, Strawberries, Blackberries, Almonds, Pecans, 
Chestnuts, English and Black Walnuts. 

A fine selection of Ornamental Trees and Flowers. 
Title perfect. Will be sold cheap. 

Address, W. H. SEBRING, 

Bronson, Florida. 



POINTS OF INTEREST 

ON 

THE ST. JOHNS RIVER. 




^pHIS MAGNIFICENT and capacious body of water, characterized 

^ for its waywardness by the Indians as " We-la-l^a," meaning that 

k^«-o. « j{ j^j^s itj Qy^^ way," flows through East Florida, almost due 



yf northward, for four hundred miles, until Jacksonville is reached. It 
then runs directly east into the Atlantic Ocean. It seems to be 
formed by the numerous small streams from the unexplored regions 
of the Everglades, though its real source is unknown. There are but 
a few streams in the world that present a more tropical appearance along 
their whole course. We find orange groves — bitter and sweet — dipping their 
gold-dappled boughs into its tepid waters. On its bank rises the stately mag- 
nolia, in all its pride, steeping the atmosphere in its rich perfume. The 
waters of this noble stream are of a dark blue, and slightly brackish in taste, 
as far up as Lake George. 

The banks of the St. Johns are the principal attraction to invalids in search 
of pleasant surroundings. Thousands of visitors are scattered among its 
towns and villages every winter, while some few bring camp equipages and 
pitch their tents in the picturesque forests. 

The means of access to all points on the river are easy and comfortable. One 
of the many well-appointed steamers leaves Jacksonville daily (except 
Sunday), on arrival of the Northern trains, for all landings on the St. Johns 
river. 

Mulberry Grove, on the west bank of the river, 12 miles from Jackson- 
ville, is the first landing. There is a beautiful grove here — a very pleasant 
resort for picnic parties. 

Mandarin, Duval county, Florida; 15 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
east bank ; post office. Population, 250. A convent has been recently estab- 
lished here by the Bishop of Florida, and is now inhabited by the Sisters of 
Mercy. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe resides here ; she has a pleasant cottage 
surrounded by 40 acres of land, several of which are planted with orange 
trees. 

This was once the scene of a dreadful massacre by the Seminole Indians, 
45 



46 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 







VIA RICHMOND AND WILMINGTON. 



pHE Management of this DIRECT THROUGH ROUTE between 
Kr^ the NORTH and SOUTH are presenting advantages of a charac- 
^ ter that combine QUICKENED SPEED and ABSOLUTE COM- 
Y FORT, with CONTINUOUS PULLMAN PALACE SLEEPING 
CAR SERVICE between the more important points reached by this 
Line. These, with the Ji@" WELL-BALLASTED ROAD BED, 
"^ SMOOTH STEEL TRACK, AUTOMATIC BRAKES,=^a should 
be assurances of all that could be desired by the traveling public. 

Persons contemplating a Southern trip, or returning Northward, shonld 
well consider these facts before purchasing tickets. 

Jg@" Double Daily All Rail Service to all the important points it reaches : 

Charleston, Savannah, Jacksonville, Tallahassee, Fernandina, Cedar 
Keys, Key West, Havana, St. Angustine, Nassau, and to Columbia, 
Aiken, Ang^usta, Macon, ThoniJisvillo, Eastman, Atlanta, Columbus, 
Montgomery, Sehna, Mobile, New Orleans, Galveston, etc. 

Persoijs contemplating a Southern trip can be furnished with Guide Books, Tickets, 
Time Tables, etc. , by addressing — 



A. POPE, 

General Passenger 

aud Ticket Agent. 

A. SHAW, 

Superintendent R. & P. R. R. 
October 17, 1879. 



JONAH H. WHITE, 

Southern Passenger Agent. 
Gen'l Office 229 Broadway, N. York. 

R. M. SULLY, 

GenT Superintendent P. R. R. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 47 

Just beyond this place can be seen tlie wreck of the Feileral transport " Maple 
Leaf," destroyed by a torpedo during the war. 

Oran^'C PiU'k, Clay county, Florida ; on west bank of river; 15 miles 
from Jacksonville. 

Hibei'uia, Clay county, Florida; 23 miles from Jacksonville, on the west 
bank; post office. A pleasant and convenient resort for invalids. Boarding 
house; Mrs. Fleming, proprietress. 

Mag'iiolia, Clay county, Florida; 28 miles from Jacksonville, on west 
bank ; post office. This is one of the most pleasant places on the river. 
Having fine hotel accommodations, it is much frequented by Northerners, 
Near this place, to the northward, is Black creek, which is navigable for 
small steamers as far as Middleburg. A pleasant walk of one mile brings 
you to — 

Green Cove Sprillg.S, Clay county, Florida; 30 miles from Jacksonville, 
on west bank ; post office. The principal attraction here is the fine spring, 
from which the place derives its name. The waters of this spring are strongly 
impregnated with sulphur, and have a temperature of about 75 degrees, well 
adapted for rheumatism and dyspepsia. The bathing facilities are well 
arranged. 

This place boasts of two fine hotels and a number of boarding houses. 

HojJ"artll*S Wliarf, St. Johns county, Florida; 35 miles from Jacksonville, 
on east bank ; post office ; wood landing. 

Picolat.a, St. Johns county, Florida; 40 miles from Jacksonville, on east 
bank; post office. This is the site of an ancient Spanish city, with a fine 
church and monasteries, erected two centuries ago by Franciscan friars ; all 
that remains at this historical point now is a cabin and field grown up with 
weeds. This was formerly the landing for St. Augustine, having been used 
as such until the completion of the St. Johns Railroad. Opposite Picolata 
are the remains of Fort Poppm, erected during the Spanish era. 

Tocoi, St. Johns county, Florida ; 49 miles from Jacksonville, on the east 
bank ; post office. Here connection is made by the St. Johns Railroad with 
St. Augustine, distant 14 miles. This road has been rebuilt with iron rails, 
and the run is made in 35 minutes, twice per day, each way. 

Federal Point, Putnam county, Florida; 58 miles from Jacksonville, on 
the east bank of the river; post office; wood landing. 

Orang'*:' Mills, Putnam county, Florida; 63 miles from Jacksonville, on 
the east bank ; post office. A beautiful orange grove here. 

Dancey's Landing-, one mile further south, has one of the oldest orange 
groves on the river, the fruit from which is always sought after. 

Palatka, Putnam county, Florida ; 75 miles from Jacksonville, on the 
west bank of the river; post and telegraph offices. Situated at the head of 
navigation for ocean steamers; this is the most prominent place south of 
Jacksonville. Population, 1,500. The adjacent country is characterized by a 



48 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



BARNES' 

Albany House^ 

CORNER PINE AND JACKSON STREETS, 

ALBANY, GEORGIA. 

S^^ In connection with the Hotel, a neat cottage, eight rooms, for special 
comfort of Florida tourists. 



c-lF^„ (T^.^ <^e)-^ 



'jk[s) 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 49 

richness of vegetation and mildness of climate. The streets of Palatka are 
shaded with the wild orange, some of which are in full fruit and flower at the 
same time, giving a beautiful appearance to the town. 

At this point passengers take steamers for the Ocklawaha river, which 
empties into the St. Johns 25 miles south of here. No visitors to Florida 
should fail to make a trip up this celebrated river. 

Two first-class hotels in Palatka furnish ample accommodations for all 
visitors. On the opposite side of the river lies the beautiful orange grove 
owned by Colonel Hart, the largest on the river, containing over 700 trees, 
which yield an annual income of from ^12,000 to $15,000. 

Crescent City, Putnam county, Florida; 25 miles south from Palatka, 
located on Dunn's Lake, now called Lake Crescent. This lake is connected 
with the St. Johns river by Deep river. During the winter direct communi- 
cation is had with Jacksonville and Palatka. Stages run from Crescent City 
to New Britain and Daytona. 

San Mateo, Putnam county, Florida ; 80 miles from Jacksonville, on east 
bank of river; post ofiSce. A thriving settlement. 

TVelaka, Putnam county, Florida; loo miles from Jacksonville, on east 
bank of river, opposite the mouth of the Ocklawaha; post office. The site 
of an old Indian and Spanish settlement. 

Beeclier and Mount Koyal, both in Putnam county, on east bank of river, 
distant loi and 108 miles from Jacksonville respectively. 

Fort Gates, Putnam county, on West bank of river, 129 miles from Jack- 
sonville. Newark, a pleasant settlement of New England colonists, is 
situated near this landing. 

Georg-etown, Putnam county, on east bank of river, 133 miles from Jack- 
sonville ; post office. 

Lake George, 107 miles from Jacksonville. This beautiful sheet of water 
is about 18 miles in length, and 10 miles in width. This lake has a number 
of islands in it; the largest, called Drayton Island, is 1,700 acres in extent, 
and has on it a splendid orange grove, and numerous vestiges of original set- 
tlers. The lake is well stocked with fish and water fowl of every descrip- 
tion. Approaching the southern shore, clothed in eternal verdure, the mouth 
of the river is scarcely distinguishable on account of its diminished width 
and the blending of forest and stream. Near the mouth the water is very 
shallow, not exceeding five feet in depth. 

Volusia, Volusia county, Florida; 144 miles from Jacksonville, on east 
bank of river; post office. This is also the site of an ancient Spanish set- 
tlement, no vestige of which remains. An immense land grant was after- 
wards obtained here from the Spanish government by Mr. Dennison RoUes, 
an English merchant of wealth, who erected a beautiful mansion, and estab- 
lished a home for the unfortunate women from the streets of Loudon, with a 
4 



50 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

view to their reformation. Numerous disasters befell tlie colony, and it was 
finally broken up. 

Astoria, Orange county, a short distance above Volusia, on opposite bank 
of river. Eastern terminus of the St. Johns and Lake Eustis Railroad, which 
will soon afford transportation facilities to the beautiful lake region and the 
orange groves of Orange and Sumter counties. 

Orailg'e Blllif, Volusia county, Florida ; 147 miles from Jacksonville, on 
east bank of river; wood landing. South of this point, on east of river, is 
Lake Dexter, around which are many fine plantations. 

Hawkinsville, Orange county, Florida ; 174 miles from Jacksonville, on 
west bank of river ; post office. At this place can be seen a large banana 
grove. 

Cabbag'e Bluff, Volusia county, Florida; 175 miles from Jacksonville, on 
east bank of river; post office; wood landing. 

Blue Spriug'S, Volusia county, Florida; 180 miles from Jacksonville, on 
east bank of river; post office. Near this landing is one of the largest springs 
in the State, forming a basin a quarter of a mile in length, about loo feet 
wide, and 20 feet deep. The water boils from a bottom of 80 feet, is clear 
as crystal, and of a sulphureous smell. Shoals offish can be seen in a stream, 
flitting here and there, seeking their livelihood. This is a favorite resort for 
marooning parties, the hunting being very fine in the vicinity. 

Orange City, at the mouth of the Wekiva river, the landing whence com- 
munication is had by small streams with an attractive portion of Orange 
county. 

Sanfoi'd, Orange county, Florida ; 204 miles from Jacksonville; post office; 
situated on the west bank of Lake Monroe (which is second in size on the 
river, being about 12 miles long and 5 miles wide.) Sanford has excellent 
hotel accommodations, and is much frequented by invalids and others. 

Mellonville, only one mile south of Sanford, is located on the site of 
Fort Mellon, erected during the Indian war. This is one of the most impor- 
tant landings on the river; it is surrounded by a very fertile country, and is 
being rapidly settled up by an intelligent class of people. Lakes Apopka, 
Harris, Eustis, Griffin, etc., in the interior, furnish all amusement desired by 
the sportsman. 

Enterprise, Volusia county, Florida ; is situated directly opposite Mellon- 
ville, on the east bank of Lake Monroe; post office. An excellent hotel 
here contains all conveniences for roo guests. One mile from the hotel is 
the Green Sulphur Spring, the waters of which are of a delicate green color — 
at times transparent; the spring is about 100 feet in depth, and is well worth 
visiting. Horses and boats are furnished here for hunting and fishing expe- 
ditions to the Indian river country and Lakes Jesup and Harney. The run 
to Lake Harney and back can be made in a day. The waters of these lakes 
are very shallow — not exceeding three feet in depth. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



51 



Lake Harney is the lowest point south on the St. Johns river to which 
steamboats can go at all seasons. Lake Jesup has many orange groves and 
fruit and vegetable farms upon its shores, the cultivation and transportation of 
which is a large item in the industry of this section. Tuskawilla, at its 
southern end, is the principal shipping point. Salt Lake can generally be 
reached, during the fall and winter months, by steamboats. This is the present 
terminus of the Indian River Railroad on the St. Johns river, connecting with 
Indian river at Titusville. It is designed ultimately to extend this road to 
Lake Harney. 




SILVER SPRING. 
Ocklawaha River. This most singular stream, flowing into the St. Johns, 
opposite Welaka, was not fully explored until the year 1867. For over 150 
miles it runs parallel with the St. Johns from Lake Apopka, which is its 
source, through Lakes Eustis, Griffin, etc., and scarcely a house is to be seen 
along its entire course ; but now and then a landing with its rich freights of 



52 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

cotton, sugar, oranges, etc., the products of the fertile counties of Putnam and 
Marion. On account of the narrowness of the stream, and the dense foliage 
on the banks, its navigation is somewhat difficult. 

No visitor to Florida should fail to visit Silver Spring, which rises suddenly 
from the ground, and, after running nine miles through Silver Run, empties 
into the Ocklawaha, one hundred miles from its mouth. This spring is one 
of the wonders of this tropical clime ; its waters are seventy-five feet or more 
in depth, and so transparent that the glistening sand on the bottom looks as if 
but a few inches beneath the surface. 

The principal landings on the Ocklawaha are Fort Brooks, distant from the 
St. Johns 35 miles ; lola 50, Eureka 60, Sandy Blttff 68, Palmetto Landing 78, 
Gores 83, Dari^oe 89, Graham 94, Delk's Bluff loo. Silver Spring 109, Sharp's 
Ferry 114, Moss Bluff 140, Starks 155, Lake Griffin 160, Leesburg 170. 

The following extract from Sidney Lanier's " Guide to Florida " gives a 
description of the attractions of this beautiful river no less faithful than 
enchanting : 

" For a perfect journey God gave us a perfect day. The little Ocklawaha 
steamboat 'Marion' had started from Palatka some hours before daylight 
(having taken on her passengers the night previous), and by seven o'clock of. 
such a May morning as no words would describe, we had made the twenty- 
five miles up the St. Johns to where the Ocklawaha flows into that stream, 
nearly opposite Welaka, one hundred miles above Jacksonville. 

" Presently we rounded a raft, abandoned the broad and garish highway of 
the St. Johns, and turned off to the right into the narrow lane of the Ockla- 
waha — the sweetest water-lane in the world. A lane which runs for more 
than a hundred and fifty miles of pure delight — betwixt hedge-rows of oaks 
and cypresses and palms and bays and magnolias and mosses and manifold 
vine-growths, a lane clean to travel along, for there is never a speck of dust in 
it, save the blue dust and the gold dust, which the wind blows out of the 
flags and lilies. 

" As we advanced up the stream our wee craft even seemed to emit her 
steam in more leisurely whiffs, as one puffs one's cigar in a contemplative 
walk through the forest. The people of the boat moved not, and spoke not; 
the white crane, the curlew, the limpkin, the heron, the water-turkey, were 
scarcely disturbed in their quiet avocation as we passed, and quickly succeeded 
in persuading themselves after each momentary excitement of our gliding by 
that we were really after all no monster. The stream, which in its broader 
stretches reflected the sky so perfectly that it seemed a riband of heaven 
bound in lovely doublings along the breast of the land, now began to narrow ; 
■ the blue of heaven disappeared, and the green of the overleaning trees 
. assumed its place. The lucent current lost all semblance of water. It was 
simply a distillation of many-shaded foliages, smoothly sweeping along 
beneath us. It was green trees, fluent. One felt that a subtle amalgamation. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 



53 



and mutual give-and-take had been effected between the natures of water and 
leaves. A certain sense of pellucidness seemed to breathe coolly out of the 
woods on either side of us ; and the glassy dream of a forest over which we 
Bailed appeared to send up exhalations of balms and odors and stimulant 
pungencies. 




SCENERY OF THE OCKLAWAHA. 

" For many miles together the Ocklawaha is a river without banks, though 
not les.s clearly defined as a stream for that reason. The swift, deep current 
meanders between tall lines of trees ; beyond these, on each side, there is 
water also— a thousand shallow rivulets lapsing past the bases of multitudes 
of trees. 

" The edges of the stream are further defined by flowers and water-leaves. 
The tall, blue flags; the ineffable lilies sitting on their round lily-pads like 
white queens on green thrones ; the tiny stars and long ribbons of the water- 
grasses; the pretty phalanxes of a species of "bonnet" which, from a long 



54 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

stem that swings off down-stream along the surface sends up a hundred little 
graceful stemlets, each bearing a shield-like disk, and holding it aloft as the 
antique soldiers held their bucklers to form the testudo, or tortoise, in attack- 
ing. All these border the river in infinite varieties of purfling and chasement. 

" Then we 'rounded to, in the very bosom of the Silver Spring itself, and 
came to wharf. I learned, in a hasty way, that Ocala was five miles distant ; 
that one could get a very good conveyance from the tavern to that place, and 
that on the next day (Sunday) a stage would leave Ocala for Gainesville, 
some forty miles distant, being the third relay of the long stage line which 
runs three times a week between Tampa and Gainesville via Brooksville and 
Ocala. 

" The spring is sixty feet deep a few feet off shore, and covers a space of 
several acres before contracting into its outlet — the Run. But this sixty feet 
does not at all represent the actual impression of depth which one receives, 
as one looks through the superincumbent water down to the clearly-revealed 
bottom. The distinct sensation is, that although the bottom there is clearly 
seen, and, although all the objects in it are of their natural size, undiminished 
by any narrowing of the visual angle, yet it ana they are seen from a great 
distance. It is as if depth itself — that subtle abstraction — had been com- 
pressed into a crystal lymph, one inch of which would represent miles of 
ordinary depth. 

" As one rises from gazing into these quaint profundities, and glances across 
the broad surface of the spring, one's eye is met by a charming mosaic of 
brilliant hues. The water-plain varies in color> according to what it lies 
upon. Over the pure white limestone and shells of the bottom, it is perfect 
malachite green ; over the water-grass it is a much darker green; over the 
sombre moss it is that rich brown-and-green which Bodmer's forest-engravings 
so vividly suggest ; over neutral bottoms it reflects the sky's or the cloud's 
colors. All these views are further varied by mixture with the manifold 
shades of foliage-reflections cast from overhanging boscage near the shore, 
and still further by the angle of the observer's eye." 

HALIFAX AND INDIAN RIVERS. 

MatailzaS) i8 miles south of St. Augustine. This section is considered 
an excellent hunting and fishing ground. This is noted as the location of the 
massacre of the Huguenots by the cruel Menendez, the founder of St. Au- 
gustine. 

New Britain, on the Halifax river, 15 miles from Musquito Inlet, and 
Diytona, on the same river, 10 miles from Musquito Inlet, are flourishing set- 
tlements. 

Port Orange, 6 miles south of Daytona, on the we>t bank of the Hali- 
fax river, 4 miles north of Musquito Inlet, possesses many fine orange groves, 
and is a growing and thriving settlement. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 55 

New Smyrna, on the Hillsborough river, near the coast, and 3 miles 
south of Musquito Inlet. This is the point where, in 1767, Andrew Turn- 
bull located his colony of Minorcans, and engaged largely in the production 
of indigo, which, at one time, was an extensive and profitable crop. Many 
remains prove the extent and admirable arrangement of the plantations. The 
colonists afterwards removed to St. Augustine, where their descendants are 
to this day. 

Titusville, formerly ?and Point, on Indian river, nearly opposite Merritt's 
Island. This point is the eastern terminus of the Indian River Railroad. 

City Point, 15 miles south of Titusville; Georgiana, on Merritt's Island, 
35 miles from Titusville, and Eau Gallic, 10 miles south of Georgiana, are 
tlie principal settlements on Indian river, This last named point is the seat 
of the State Agricultural College. 

This section is the sportsman's paradise, abounding in game and fish. No 
portion of Florida is more inviting to the hunter or angler. The difficulty 
of transportation, which formerly deterred many from visiting this portion of 
the State, has been almost entirely removed, and the ever-increasing number 
of visitors each season is abundant evidence of its varied attractions. 

THE LAKE COUNTRY OF FLORIDA. 

The country lying in and around the " Ocklawaha Lakes," as they are 
termed, is known as the Lake Region of Florida. About midway the penin- 
sula, equidistant from Gulf and Ocean, these lakes are clustered together, 
having a water connection, affording a highway between them — Harris, Eus- 
tis, Griffin, Dora, Beauclair, and Apopka. Through and from these lakes 
the Ocklawaha river flows to the Atlantic, and at high-water season the wa- 
ter flows as well westward through the Withlacoochee river to the Gulf. Thus 
it is demonstrated that the region is upon the backbone of the peninsula, the 
great water shed, and, per consequence, one of the most elevated sections of 
the State. The shores to the lakes are bold and prominent for the most part ; 
in some cases bluffs forty to fifty feet, precipitous from the water. Around 
the lake margins, of a width varying from one-fourth to three miles, the soil 
is heavily timbered hammock, exceedingly fertile, and interspersed with mag- 
nificent groves of the wild orange. The lakes are free from grasses and 
bonnets, of clear, pure water, varying in size from Lake Harris, which is 
eighteen miles long, by a width of from three to six miles, to Lake Beau- 
clair, which is from one to two miles in width. The country back of the 
hammock margins is a high, rolling pine land, interspersed with innumera- 
ble little crystal lakes. 

This region is eminently attractive to the immigrant, and is, beyond doubt, 
as well adapted to the production of fruits and vegetables as any section of 
the State. The soil is fertile, responding generously to the cultivator. 

The peculiar location in and around such a cluster of lakes renders it as 



56 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

free from frost as any section of the State north of Charlotte harbor. The 
southern shores of these lakes, having the protection of water exposure on 
the north, are simply frost-proof, as settlers of twenty years' residence can 
testify. It is, from its elevated situation, free from malarial influence, and is 
healthy and delightful as a residence, winter and summer. 

Constant breezes during the summer months, with the showers of the rain 
season, make a delightful temperature. The climate is simply charming. 
The aspect of the country is picturesque and beautiful, and never fails to 
elicit enthusiastic praise from the cultivated lover of nature. 

This section is being settled up by as fine a class of people as the United 
States can produce — a high-toned, cultivated Christian people. The number 
of villages in and around the lakes attest the rapid influx of settlers — Yalaha, 
Leesburg, Okahumpka, Fort Marion, Cliflbrd, etc. Shores which two years 
ago were in a primitive state, now are studded with cottages and fruit farms, 
and industry and thrift everywhere prevail. 

This section depended for its outlet to market upon the Ocklawaha river, 
but it has now grown too big for the Ocklawaha. A quicker and more com- 
modious transit is demanded, and this will be given by the St. Johns, Lake 
Eustis and Gulf Railroad. This road is now being rapidly pushed forward 
to completion. From the lakes to Jacksonville, over this road, only twelve 
hours is consumed, and with such an outlet to the great markets of the No th 
there is but little doubt that this attractive region will become the fruit land 
and market ga.xf\Q\\, facile princeps, of Florida. 

'ST. AUGUSTINE," 

St. Johns county, Florida, by far the most ancient town in North America, is 
situated on a peninsula formed by the St. Sebastian and Matanzas rivers, with 
a population of 2,000 persons ; excellent hotel accommodations, numerous 
churches, etc. This is a delightful winter resort. The streets are very nar- 
row, the houses, with hanging balconies, almost touching each otJier across 
them. 

Near the center of the city is the " Plaza de la Constitucion," a fine square, 
on which is located the principal public buildings, notably among which is 
the Catholic Cathedral. This building was commenced in 1798; it has a 
unique belfry containing four chime bells in separate niches, which are rung 
every morning — one of them is marked 1682. The floors are concrete. The 
building contains several fine old Spanish paintings. Altogether, it is one of 
the most interesting objects in the city. 

A monument in the Plaza, eighteen feet high, was erected in 1812 to com- 
memorate the Spanish Liberal Constitution. The monument bears the follow- 
ing inscription : 

" Plaza de la Constitucion, promulgado en esta Ciudad de San Aiegresiin 
de la Flo7-ida oriental, en ij de Octobre, d; 1812. Siendo Governador el 
Brigadier D. Sebastian Kindalan, Cabellero de la orden de Santiago. 



GUIDE 10 SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 57 

PEIRA ETERNO MEMORIA, 

Elayiintamiento Cottstitucional Erigio este Obcliseo dirigido por D. Fernatido 
de la Plaza Arredondo, el joven Regidor Dccano Y Francisco Robira, Pro- 
curador Sindieo. Ano de i8ij." 

Translation. — Plaza of the Constitution, promulgated in the city of St. 
Augustine, East Florida, on the 17th day of October, the year 1812. Being 
then Governor the Brigadier D. Sebastian Kindalan, Knight of the Order of 
Santiago. 

FOR ETERNAL REMEMBRANCE, 

the Constitutional City Council erected this monument under the supervision 
of D. Fernando de la Plaza Arredondo, the young municipal officer, oldest 
member of the corporation, and Francisco Robira, Attorney and Recorder. 

The Palace, the residence of the Spanish Governor, is now used as tlie post 
office and United States Court. The United States barracks, now occupied 
by troops, was formerly a Spanish monastery. 

The old Huguenot Cemetery and the military burying grounds are interest- 
ing places. In the latter are three pyramids, built of coquina, and stuccoed 
whitewashed, under which lie the remains of Major Dade and 107 men, who 
were massacred by Osceola. 

The sea wall, a mile in length, was erected in i837-'43 out of coquina, 
with a coping of granite. It protects the entire east front of the city from 
the encroachments of the river, and affords a delightful promenade. 

Fort Marion. This old Spanish fort was formerly called " San yuan de 
Piiios" and afterwards changed to " San Marco." *At the change of flags in 
1821, it received the name of "Fort Marion," which it now bears. It was 
begun in 1620, and completed in 1756. The material used in its construction 
is almost entirely coquina, a concretion of fragments of shell quarried on 
Anastasia island, opposite the city. The labor on it was performed princi- 
pally by Appalachean Indians, who alone were forced to work on it for sixty 
years. Conscripts from Mexico also contributed to the work. 

It is one of the strongest fortifications in this country, requiring an arma- 
ment of 100 guns and 1,000 men as a garrison. It has never been taken by 
a besieging enemy. It is in all respects a castle, built after the plan of those 
in the middle ages of Europe. In modern military parlance, it is known as 
a " four bastioned fort." 

The inscription over the gate, or sally port, of the fort, is as followe : 

" Renando En Espana Elsr Don Fernando Sexto Y Siendo Gov Y Capn 
Gendefs C N Avcdelaf Y S Vprov, Elmairscal De Campo D Alonso Frnzdie 
Ridiase conclviocstecs. T Tl oelan O. D. 7756, Diriendo Las robrel Capy- 
niero, D. Pedro De Brazas Y GarayT 

Translatio7i. — Don Ferdinand the VI., being King of Spain, and the Field 
Marshal Don Alonzo Fernando Hereda being Governor and Captain-General 
of this place, St. Augustine of Florida, and its province. This fort was 



5$ guidf: to southern Georgia and Florida. 

finished in the year 1756. The works were directed by the Captain Engineer, 
Don Pedro de Brazas Y. Garay. 

St. Augustine is reached by steamers from Jacksonville to Tocoi, thence via 
St. Johns Railroad, the whole forming a pleasant ride of about fivi" hours. 

A number of first-class hotels and private Ijoarding-houses furnish all 
necessary accommodations to visitors. 




THE OLD GATEWAY-ST. AUGUSTINE, 



The attractions for visitors in this delightful old city are the lovely drives 
out St. George street to Fort Sebastian and the beach, the promenade along 
the sea-wall nearly a mile long — especially on a moonlight night, with the 
waves breaking and dashing below— boating and sailing on the bay, the 
numerous historic and romantic legends that cluster around almost every spot ; 
but, above all, the delicious and invigorating climate — bracing, yet tempered 
for the lungs of the most delicate invalid. The semi-tropical .scenery and 
luxurious growth and variety of the flowers delight the eye and sense, while 
a thousand graceful and pleasing occupations of collecting mosses, shells, and 
other curiosities, break the monotony of one's stay and make agreeable souve- 
nirs of a visit to the "Ancient City," 



POINTS OF INTEREST 

ON THE 

mmc. m m \m\ im tmksii co.'s 1 1 




'^HIS Road extends across the State, from Fernandina, in the extreme 
northeast to Cedar Keys, on the Gulf of Mexico; distance, 155 
% miles, connecting at Baldwin with the Florida Central and Jackson- 
ville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad for Savannah, Middle Florida, 
and at Cedar Keys, with steamers for Key West, Tampa, Havana, 
and New Orleans. 

Fornandilia, Nassau county, Florida. Situated on Amelia Island, near 
the junction of the Amelia and St. Maryi rivers. This place has one of the 
finest harbors on the Southern coast. It has about 3,000 inhabitants ; the 
streets are straight, broad and commodious ; many of them are paved with 
shell and beautifully shaded with water oak. There are two hotels, afford- 
ing ample accommodations for visitors. A number of saw mills are located 
here, giving employment to a large body of men. A fine shell road extends 
across the island, one and a half miles, to the sea beach, which has a smooth 
unl^roken surface for twenty miles, affording a most desirable drive. On the 
northern point of this island is Fort Clinch, not yet completed. 

Dungeness, the home of Gen. Nathaniel Green, and the burial place of the 
famous " Light Horse " Harry Lee, is within easy access, a visit to which 
never fails to delight and interest. 

Hart's Road, Nassau county, Florida; 12 miles from Fernandina; wood 
station. 

Callahan, Nassau county, Florida; 27 miles from Fernandina; post and 
telegraph offices. 

The general business of this section is in naval stores and timber. King's 
Ferry, on the St. Mary's river, distant 18 miles. 

Diitton, Nassau county, Florida ; 36 miles from Fernandina. Extensive 
turpentine farms are located here. 

Baldwin, Duval county, Florida; 19 miles from Jacksonville; post, tele- 
graph and express offices; junction with the Atlantic, Gulf and West India 
Transit Company's Railroad, for Fernandina, distant 47 miles northward, 
and Cedar Keys, 107 miles southward. Three hotels here accommodate 
guests. 

59 



6o GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

This place is laid out in town lots, and has now about 150 inhabitants, 
several new houses having been built, and somj now in course of construc- 
tion. The soil is very rich in and around the place, suitable for sugar cane, 
sweet potatoes and garden vegetables. A few orange trees have been put 
out here, and the prospects are very favorable, and the health is not be ex- 
celled in the South. The water is impregnated with iron, making it the 
most healthy tonic of all mineral waters. 

Maxville, Clay county, Florida ; 55 miles from Fernandina. 

Lawtey, Bradford county, Florida; 66 miles from Fernandina; post of- 
fice. 

Temple's Mills^ Bradford county, Florida; 71 mrles from Fernandina; 
post office. 

Starke, Bradford county, Florida; 73 miles from Fernandina; post and 
telegraph offices. A pleasant village of 300 inhabitants. Principal products 
sea island cotton, corn and sugar cane. A number of lakes in this vicinity 
afford excellent fishing. 

Thurston, Bradford county, Florida; 77 miles from Fernandina; post 
office, Santa Fe. 

Waldo, Alachua county, Florida ; 84 miles from Fernandina ; post and 
telegraph offices. Six miles from this place there is a natural land sink, cov- 
ering a continual stream, which empties into it, yet it has no visible outlet. 
Santa Fe Lake, a large body of water, which affords excellent fishing facili- 
ties, is two miles distant. The Santa Fe river, near here, disappears and 
flows under ground, forming a natural bridge. 

At this point the Peninsular Railroad, projected to Orange Lake and Ocala, 
makes connection with the Transit Railroad. This road is now completed 
to Hawthorne, with which regular communication is had. This line will 
open up a productive and rapidly growing section of Florida. 

Fairbanks, Alachua county, Florida; distant 93 miles from Fernandina; 
post office. 

Gainesville, Alachua county, Florida; 98 miles south of Fernandina; is 
a lively and pleasant little town of about 1,500 or 2,000 inhabitants; it is 
fast becoming a winter resort for the Northern invalid and tourist. A fine, 
commodious hotel, with all the modern improvements, has just been com- 
pleted, so that visitors to this point can depend on comfortable winter lodg- 
ings. Parties in this county are largely engaged in the culture of early veg- 
etables, for shipment to Northern and Western markets. 

Oran^re City, Alachua county, Florida ; 103 miles from Fernandina. 

Arredondo, Alachua county, Florida ; 104 miles from Fernandina. 

Batton, Alachua county, Florida; loS mdes from Fernandina. 

Archer, Alachua county, Florida ; 113 miles from Fernandina ; post and 
telegraph offices. 

lironson^ Levy county, Florida; 122 miles from leniandina; post office; 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 6l 

county seat; population, 250. This section of country is very productive, and 
well adapted to the culture of cotton, sugar cane, etc. 

Otter Creek, Levy county, Florida; 134 miles from Fernandina; post 
office. 

Rosewood, I^evy county, Florida; 145 miles from Fernandina. 

Cedar Keys, Levy county, Florida; 155 miles from Fernandina ; the ter- 
minus of the road ; population, 600. There is considerable business done at 
this ]5oint with New Orleans and Havana ; regular line of steamers leaving 
for these points every week ; also, a semi-weekly line for Tampa, Manatee 
and Key West. 

THE GULF COAST. 

This portion of the State, south of Cedar Keys, is rapidly coming into no- 
tice, b\it to many the attractions to be found here are comparatively unknown. 

Tampa, Hillsboro county, Florida, is situated on Hillsboro Bay, a branch 
of Tampa Bay, and is a place of some importance. 

Manatee, Manatee county, Florida, on river of same name some miles 
south of Tampa Bay, is fast coming into prominence. Many Northerners of 
means have purchased lands in this section, and taken up their residences 
here. 

Charlotte Harbor, a body of water 25 miles long, and from 8 to 10 
miles wide, is the fisherman's paradise. The tourist or sportsman will be 
well repaid by a visit to this tropical clime, which can be easily reached by 
steamers from Cedar Keys. 

Key West, Monroe county, Florida, is situated on island of same name ; 
telegraph office. Population 3,000, a large number of which are Cuban refu- 
gees, engaged largely in the manufacture of cigars. There is also a manu- 
factory for canning pine apples, which grow to perfection on this and adja- 
cent islands. The climate is mild and agreeable. The hotel accommoda- 
tions are veiy good. This place is much frequented by invalids. Connec- 
tion with Cedar Keys is made by steamers semi-weekly. 



-^^^m 



THE SOIL OF FLORIDA. 




J^i^LORIDA is a vast peninsula — "new born of the sea" — the 
most southern, and, therefore, the most tropical division of our 
country. It extends southward nearly four hundred miles between 
two oceans, with an average breadth of more than one hundred and 
twenty-five miles. Its surface is not, as has been generally sup- 
posed, one continuous morass, but principally a sundy, rolling 
country, and for the most part covered with immense forests of yel- 
low, or pitch pine, interspersed with densely and heavily wooded strips or 
patches, called hammocks. The whole State lies upon a vast bed of coral, 
raised in the sea and covered with a stratuiu of sand largely mingled with 
pulverized or decomposed coral and sea shells. In some parts of the State 
this decomposed coral has become concrete, forming a sort of lime rock, and 
in others the sea shells, more or less broken, have also concreted, forming a 
layer of peculiar rock, called "coquina." In many portions of the State 
clay is also found near the surface, not often pure, but mingled with the 
silicalcareous and coralline elements. Such is the foundation of the soil 
over the whole peninsula. With the addition of a vegetable mould which, 
in the course of time accumulates from the rank growth, which in the tropical 
climate of Florida make the lands powerfully productive, over a larger por- 
tion of the high lands exhausting fires (kindled by the Indians and frontier 
settlers) have swept from time to time, destroying nearly all of the decayed, 
and even living vegetable matter, except the pines. These seem to be little 
affected by the burning, but flourish enormously almost everywhere, loading 
the air with their peculiar and healing fragrance. 

The lands of Florida are very curiously distributed, and may be designated 
high hammock, low hammock, swamp, savanna, and the different cpiali- 
ties of pine land. Most persons looking at our country are greatly at a loss 
how to judge of the character of these various soils they meet with here — ■ 
their comparative fertility and desirability. Persons who are good judges in 
other countries, distrust their ability to judge properly here. The plentiful 
admixture of lime found in all the soil of East Florida in connection with a 
moist and warm atmosphere, renders all our soils both more free and lasting 
than appearances would warrant. The general character of the Florida soil 
is light and sandy, not calculated to sustain a continued and exhaustive sys- 
tem of cropping. Those who come with this intention, after a few years of 
varied success, are soon compelled to take up the march still further west- 
ward, and leave in the comparatively barren and exhausted soil behind a 
62 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 63 

melancholy testimony of agricultural ignorance and folly; a cause of just 
contumely and reproach from the better informed who may succeed them. 
The pine regions are covered generally with what is known as the wire-grass, 
an unfailing indication of poorness, and the dwarf palmetto is also a marked 
and accompanying characteristic of such soils. The hammock lands are 
designated indiscriminately throughout the State, and are of universal inter- 
est, whether to the agriculturist, the botanist, or lover of the picturesque. 
These lands are of two kinds — the gray and the clay. The former are soon 
exhausted, but the latter, in their character of durability and strength, simi. 
late alluvial soils. Both have attracted the chief attention of the traveler, 
for in them is vegetation most rank, luxuriant, diversified, and beautiful. One 
realizes, upon entering a hammock, the astuteness of the savage in making such 
a locality the theatre of his covert, concealed, and deadly mode of warfare. 
f lere the bright, dazzling, and sickening light of a summer's midday sun is 
converted into the picturesque, refreshing, and soul-breathing shade of a 
welcome twilight — here the shades of night anticipate the closing hours of 
day, and ere light has yet passed from the earth, here is " the blackness of 
utter darkness " rendered visible. 

Let us here give a brief sketch of the different descriptions of the lands of 
Florida. 

Pine lands (yellow pine) form the basis of Florida. These lands are 
usually divided into three classes, denoting first, second, and third-rate pine 
lands. 

That which is denominated " first-rate pine land" in Florida has nothing 
analogous to it in any of the other .States. Its surface is covered for several 
inches deep with a dark vegetable mold, beneath which, to the depth of seve- 
ral feet, is a chocolate-colored sandy loam, mixed, for the most part, with 
limestone pebbles, and resting upon a substratum of marl, clay, or limestone 
rock. The fertility and durability of this description of land may be esti- 
mated from the well-known fact that it has, on the upper Suwannee, and in 
several other districts, yielded during fourteen years of successive cultivation, 
without the aid of manure, four hundred pounds of sea island cotton to the 
acre. These lands are still as productive as ever, so that the limit of their 
durability is still unknown. 

First-class pine lands are generally preferred by small planters to any 
other, and they have always been found productive and valuable. Indeed, it 
is believed that the pine lands of Florida are superior to any pine lands in 
the South for their fertility, yielding good crops in their natural state, and, 
when trodden by cattle, becoming equal to rich hammock land. There has 
been seen, early in the season, cane having twenty joints and well matured, 
grown upon Florida pine lands, and the sugar made from such lands is gene- 
rally of superior quality. These lands are not appreciated as they should be; 
they are the easiest cleared and cultivated, and some of them but little infe- 



64 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

rior to the hammocks. For cotton, veg'^tables, and sugar they are jitst as 
good, if not better. Tlie occasional appearance on the surface in pine or 
hainmocii of lime rock is an evidence of strong land. 

The "second-rate pine lands" which form the largest proportion of 
Fhirida, are all productive, and can, by a proper system of cultivation, be 
rendered much more valuable than the best lands in Texas. These lands 
afford fine natural pasturage ; they are heavily timbered with the best species 
of yellow pine; they are for the most part high, rolling, healthy, and well 
watered. They are generally based upon marl, clay, or limestone. They 
will produce for several years without the aid of manure, and when •' cow- 
penned " they will yield two thousand pounds of the best quality of sugar 
to the acre, or about three hundred pounds of sea island cotton. They will, 
besides, when properly cultivated, produce the finest quality of Cuba, tolmcco, 
oranges, lemons, limes, and various other tropical productions, which nni-:t, 
in many instances, render them more reliable than the best bottom lands in 
more northern States. 

Even pine lands of the " third " rate, or most inferior class, are by no 
means worthless under the climate of Florida. This class of land may be 
divided into two orders — the one comprising high, rolling, sandy districts, 
which are sparsely covered with a stunted growth of " black jack" and pine; 
the other embracing low, flat, swampy regions, which are covered witli invalu- 
able timber. The former of these, as is now ascertained, are, owing to their 
calcarious soil, well adapted to the growth of Sisal hemp, which is a valuable 
tropical production. This plant (the Agave Sisalana), and the Agave Mexi- 
canna, or Mexican hemp, also kno-wn as the Maguey, the Pulque Plant, the 
Century Plant, etc., have been introduced into Florida, and they both grow 
in great perfection on the poorest pine lands of the country. As these plants 
derive their chief support from the atmosphere, they will, like the common 
air plant, preserve their vitality for many months, when left out of the ground. 
It is scarcely necessary to add that the second order of third-rate pine lands, 
as here described, is far from being useless. These lands afford a most excel- 
lent range for cattle, besides being valuable for their timber and the naval 
stores which they can produce. 

There is one general feature in the topography of Florida which no other 
country in the United States possesses, and which affords great security to 
the health of the inhabitants. It is this, that the pine lands which form the 
basis of the country, and which are almost universally healthy, are nearly 
everywhere studded, at intervals of a few miles, with hammock lands of the 
richest quality. These hammocks are not, as is generally supposed, low, wet 
lands; on the contrary, they are high, dry, undulating lands, that never require 
either ditching or draining. They vary in extent from twenty acres to twenty 
thousand acres, and will probably average five hundred acres each. Hence, 
the inhabitants have it everywhere in their power to select residences in the 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 65 

pine lands, at such convenient distances from the hammoclcs as will enable 
them to cultivate the latter without endangering their health. Experience 
has satisfactorily shown that residences only a mile distant from cultivated 
hammocks are entirely exempt from malarial disease, and that the negroes 
who cultivate the hammocks and retire at night to pine land residences, main- 
tain perfect health. Indeed, it is found that residences in the hammocks 
themselves are generally perfectly healthy after they have been for a few 
years cleared. In Florida the diseases which result from these clearings are 
generally of the mildest type (simple and remittent fevers), while in nearly 
all of the other Southern States they are most frequently of a severe grade of 
bilious fever. 

The topographical feature here noted, namely, a general interspersion of 
rich hammocks, surrounded by dry, rolling, healthy pine woods, is an advan- 
tage which no other State in the Union enjoys ; and Florida forms in this 
respect a striking contrast with Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, whose 
sugar and cotton lands are generally surrounded by vast alluvial regions, 
subject to frequent inundations, so that it is impossible to obtain, within many 
miles of them, a healthy residence. 

The lands which in Florida art par excellence, denominated "rich lands," 
are, first, the "swamp lands;" second, "low hammocks;" third, "high 
hammocks;" and, fourth, "first-rate pine, oak, and hickory lands." 
5 






<J^ 



\\> 



THE CLIMATE OF FLORIDA. 




3^ 

r^HE situation of Florida, in the southern part of the temperate zone, 
between two seas, the great Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, 
and embracing six degrees of latitude, and as many of longitude, 

(<^ 

^^ on the one hand, a southern latitude exempts it from all the incoven- 
iences of extreme cold, so a maritime situation ; and its lying witliin the 
course of the sea breeze that daily blows across the peninsula, is the 
cause that the heat of the sun in summer is mitigated by the freshness of 
the sea air, which, in a hot climate, is much more salutary than the air of an 
extended continent. All America, to the north of the river Potomac, is greatly 
incommoded by the severities of the weather for two or three months in the 
winter. In Florida there is indeed a change of the seasons, but it ii a mod- 
erate one. In November and December many trees lose their leaves, vegeta- 
tion goes on slowly, and a slight trace of winter is perceived. In the north- 
ern part of Florida, above 29 or 30 degrees of latitude, there occur frosts, 
but not very frequent. 

The fogs and dark gloomy weather so common in England and other 
countries so much surrounded by the sea, are unknown in this country. At 
the equinoxes, especially the autumnal, the rains fall heavily every day be- 
tween eleven o'clock in the morning and four in the afternoon, for some 
weeks together. When a shower is over, the sky does not continue cloudy, 
but clears, and the sun appears again. The mildness of the seasons and tlie 
purity of the air are probably the cause of the healthfulness of this country. 
The average number of sunny fair days in the year is 250. 

William Stark says: " It is an indisputable fact, which can be proved by 
the monthly returns of the Ninth Regiment in East Florida, that it did not 
lose one single man by natural death in twenty months, and as that regiment 
performed duty in several forts at different distances, it proves in the most 
satisfactory manner that the climate is healthy in the different parts of the 
province." 

The peninsula of Florida is not broad, and as it lies between two seas, the 
air is oftener refreshed with rain than on the continent. The entire absence 
of the sun for eleven hours, makes the dews heavy, and gives the earth time 
to cool, so that the nights in summer are less sultry here than in the northern 
latitudes, where the sun shines upon tlie earth for sixteen or seventeen hours 
out of the twenty-four. The heat whicl. in South Carolina, and in the southern 
66 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 67 

part of Europe, is sometimes intolerable for want of wind, is here alleviated 
by a sea breeze in the day time and a land wind at night. It is only in and 
near the tropics that the land and sea breezes are at all uniform, or to be de- 
pended upon. 

The white people work in the fields in the heat of the day without preju- 
dice to their health ; gentlemen frequently ride out in the middle of the day 
and instead of the debilitating effects of a warm southern climate, so often 
spoken of by writers, we here see and feel only an invigorating effect, which 
enables a man to perform more work than in any other part of the United 
States. 

During the eighteen years of residence of I. L. Williams in Florida, the 
greatest heat was 96 degrees Fahrenheit, in the shade, and this took place 
but thf'ee or four times, and once the cold was as low as 26 degrees. In usual 
seasons the mercury rises to about go degrees in the hottest days of mid- 
summer, and falls to 43 degrees during the coldest days of winter. It is not 
extreme in its variations of temperature, neither is it rapid in the succession 
of those variations, but always maintains that equability and dryness of cli- 
mate so grateful to the Northern invalid. The wonderful climate exerts itself 
alike upon animal and vegetable nature. The heat is sufficient to stimulate a 
rapid and luxuriant growth, while it is never so intense as to become disa- 
greeable. 

Dr. Torry says : " Compared with the other regions of the United States, 
the peninsula of Florida has a climate wholly peculiar. The lime, orange 
and the fig find their genial temperature ; the course of vegetation is unceasing ; 
culinary vegetables are cultivated in all seasons, and wild flowers spring up and 
flourish in the month of January ; and so little is the temperature of the 
lakes and rivers diminished during the winter months, that one may almost 
at any time bathe in their waters. The climate is so exceedingly mild and 
uniform, that besides the vegetables of the Southern States generally, many 
of a tropical character are produced. The palmetto, or cabbage palm, the 
live oak, the deciduous cypress, and some varieties of the pine, are common 
farther north, but the lignum vitse, mahogany, logwood, mangrove, cocoanut, 
etc., are found only in the southern portions of the peninsula. In contem- 
plating the scenery of Florida in the month of January, the Northern man is 
apt to forget that it is a winter landscape. To him all nature is changed ; 
even the birds of the air, the pelican and flamingo, indicate to him a climate 
entirely new." 

Such is the mildness of the climate, and the humidity of the atmosphere, 
and the exemption from frost, that all the tropical fruits will grow in Southern 
Florida as far north as 27 degrees, thus affording a boundless field to the 
horticulturist for obtaining wealth and pleasure in their cultivation. 

As has been well expressed, it is " an evergreen land, in which wild flow- 
ers never cease to unfold their petals," 



58 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

The positions in Southern Florida, on the Gulf coast, are warmer in win- 
ter than those farther north. This is explained by the fact that the cold, 
bleak northers which spread along the Atlantic coast, in crossing to the Gulf 
coast, become warmed by the radiation of the whole peninsula, and all that 
is felt of them is their mild influence ; so, also, of the cold winds from the 
northwest, from whence comes all our frosts and danger to early vegetation, 
tlie radiation of warmth from the Gulf protects the peninsula. 

The health of the inhabitants of Florida is proverbial ; many can now be 
seen who are ninety years old and upwards. The only diseases there are the 
usual intermittent and remittent fevers, which occur to new settlers, or those 
who are situated near swamps. It is the most favorable climate for pulmo- 
nary invalids on the western continent — instances have occurred where they 
were afraid to leave here. On examining the dead list, we find the chief dis- 
eases to be old age and consumption, the last being an exotic, and not indi- 
genous here. 



FLORIDA AS A HOME FOR INVALIDS. 






^\jtr\r-i~ 



Ij^J^URING nearly the whole year, and especially the summer months, 
the peninsula of Florida is favored with a cool and refreshing sea 
breeze, which sets in from 9 to 12 o'clock in the day, and continues 
until sunset. This breeze is remarkably cool for the latitude, owing 

^ Jh to the fact that the cooler waters of higher and colder latitudes are 

■^1^ constantly thrown along down the Florida coast by the back current of 

^^ the ever-flowing Gulf stream, forming what might be termed a vast 
eddy, extending from Cape Hatteras to Cape Canaveral, and running, 
when not counteracted by adverse winds, at the rate of nearly two miles an 
hour. The cool temperature of these waters is itself the cause of this never- 
failing breeze. Being some seven degrees colder than those of the Gulf of 
Mexico, as the sun rises, the atmosphere over the Gulf is sooner heated and 
rarified. This heated air rises and brings the cooler air of the Atlantic across 
the peninsula to supply the vacuum, thus forming a steady breeze during the 
warmer part of the day. 

The atmosphere of all tropical climates is, of course, more moist than in 
colder latitudes. But that of Florida is dryer in winter than at any other 
point on the continent near the same latitude, for the reason that the winter 
is her dry season, while her wet or rainy season occurs in July or August, a 
time when the vegetation is growing, and most needs rain. In Texas and 
New Mexico the reverse of this is true, bringing the cold and wet seasons 
together in winter, and the hot and dry in summer, making the winters more 
chilly and unhealthy, and the summers more malarious and sickly. 

It often occurs in Florida, that as many as thirty days pass consecutively 
when the air is perfectly clear, and almost without a cloud. The healthful- 
ness of a country like this, then, we shall infer from the following reasons : 

1st. The calcarious and antisceptic quality of the soil, which neutralizes 
and absorbs the malaria. 

2d. The pine forests, filling the air with their healthful aroma. 

3d. Its abundant sea surrounding — always a purifier of the air. 

4th. The coolness of the summer breeze, and dryness and clearness of the 
winter air. 

5th. And superadded to all is the mild and friendly influence of her warmer 
climate. 

Now, as to the results and effects of these natural advantages, let us quote 
briefly from those whose authority must be unquestionable. 
69 



7° GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

General Lawson, Surgeon-General of the Army of the United States, in 
an official report before the war, remarks : 

" The climate of Florida is remarkably equable and agreeable, being sub- 
ject to fewer atmospheric variations, and its thermometer ranges much less 
than any other part of the United States, except a portion of the coast of 
California. For example, the winter at Fort Snelling, Minnesota Territory, 
is 48 degrees colder than at Fort Brooke, Florida ; but the summer at Fort 
Brooke is only about eight degrees warmer. The mean annual temperature 
of Augusta, Georgia, is nearly eight degrees, and that of Fort Gibson, Ar- 
kansas, upwards of ten degrees lower than at Tampa, yet in both these places 
the mean summer temperature is higher than at Fort Brooke, Tampa Bay. In 
the summer season the mercury rises higher in every part of the United 
States, and even in Canada, than it does along the coast of Florida. This is 
shown by meteorological statistics in this bureau. 

" As respects health, the climate of Florida stands pre-eminent. That the 
peninsula climate of Florida is much more salubrious than tliat of any other 
State in the Union, is clearly established by the medical statistics of the army. 
Indeed, the statistics ni this bureau demonstrate the fact that the diseases 
which result from malaria are a much milder type in the peninsula of Florida 
than in any other State in the L'nion. These records show that the ratio of 
deatlis to the number of cases of remittent fever has been much less than 
among the troops serving in any other portion of the United States. In the 
Middle Division of the United States the proportion is one death to thirty-six 
cases of remittent fever; in the Northern Division, one to fifty-two; in the 
Southern Division, one to fifty-four; in Texas, one to seventy-eight; in Cal- 
ifornia, one to one hundred and twenty-two ; in New Mexice, one to one 
hundred and forty-eight ; while in Florida it is but one to two hundred and 
eighty-seven. In short, it may be asserted, without fear of refutation, that 
Florida possesses a much more agreeable and salubrious climate than any 
other State or Territory in the Union." 

Dr. Byrne, late Surgeon in the United States Army, and long a resident of 
Florida, says : 

" It would seem paradoxical that the malarial diseases of East Florida 
(abounding as it does in rich hammock lands, and exposed to a tropical sun,) 
should generally be of a much milder form than those which prevail in more 
northern latitudes. That such, however, is the fact there can be no doubt, 
for this fact is proved by an aggregate of evidence (extending over more than 
twenty years) v\>hich it is impossible to resist. It is suggested, in explana- 
tion of this fact, that the luxuriant vegetation, which in the Southern and 
Middle States passes through all the stages of decomposition, is, in East Flor- 
ida, generally dried up before it reaches the putrefactive stage of fermenta- 
tion, and that consequently the quantity of malaria generated is much less 
than in climates more favorable to decomposition. This view is strengthened 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. "Jl 

by facts that the soil of Florida is almost everywhere of so porous and ab- 
sorbent a character that moisture is seldom long retained on its surface ; that 
its atmosphere is in constant motion, and that there is more clear sunshine 
than in the more northern States. 

" It is further suggested that the uniform prevalence of sea breezes and the 
constant motion of the atmosphere in the peninsula, tend so much to diffuse 
and attenuate whatsoever poison is generated, that it will generally produce 
but the mildest form of malarial disease, such as intermittent fever." 

Dr. Byrne, in another place, remarks : 

"The winters are delightful, five days out of six being bright and cloud- 
less, and of the most agreeable temperature. In the southern portion of the 
peninsula frost is never felt. The winter resembles very much that season 
which, in the Middle States, is called Indian summer, except that the sky is 
perfectly clear, and the atmosphere dry and elastic. Rain falls but rarely 
during the winter months ; three, four and not unfrequently five months of 
bright, clear, cloudless days occur continually. This is one of the greatest 
charms of the winter climate in Florida. Contrary to what might be ex- 
pected, the summer weather of East Florida is much more agreeable, and its 
heat less oppressive, than that which is experienced in the Middle States. 
This is owing to its being fanned by the breezes of the Atlantic on the east, 
and those of the Gulf of Mexico on the west, both of which can be dis- 
tinctly felt in the center of the State. Besides this, the northeast trade winds 
play over the whole peninsula. The summer nights are invariably cool, and 
even the hottest days are seldom oppressive in the shade, 

" In the summer season the mercury rises higher in every part of the 
United States than it does along the coast of Florida. Frequent showers oc- 
cur during the months of March, April, May and June, and about the first 
of July what is termed the rainy season commences, and continues till about 
the middle of September. Although it rains about every day during this 
season, it seldom rains all day. These rains fall in heavy showers, accom- 
panied by thunder and lightning, and seldom last more than four hours. In- 
deed, they do not average more than one hour per day. They generally com- 
mence about one o'clock p. m., and are always over before five o'clock p. M., 
leaving for the remainder of the day a cloudless sky and a delightfully cool 
atmosphere," 



SPORTING ITEMS. 




G^_ QUAIL. 

^O THE WING SHOT Florida presents uneqiialed attractions. 
Quail can be found in every portion of the State ; but, for extra 
sport, the shootist should visit Tallahassee. In the neighborhood 
of this place quail exist in great numbers. If information is 
desired by visitors, regarding the sporting attractions of the sec- 
tion, full information can be secured by the sportsman if he will 
interview Frank Papy, Esq., at the office of the Floridian. 
DUCK, GEESE, ETC, 
The former can be found in every lake, creek, bay, lagoon, and river in the 
State, and, owing to climate and feed, they are as fat as squabs. Those who 
aspire to the destruction of the noble " Honk Honkers," must visit James 
Island — reached via Tallahassee and St. Marks, or the mouth of the Suwannee, 
twelve miles west of Cedar Keys. 

CANOING. 
East of Waldo, on the Cedar Keys and Fernandina Railroad, the canoist 
and boatist will find an interesting region. East of and within fifteen miles 
of Waldo will be found forty lakes, ranging from seven miles to two hundred 
yards in length. These lakes vary in elevation above tide water from eighty 
to one hundred and thirty feet. The adjoining land is elevated, dry, and 
remarkably healthy. Duck, snipe, and plumage birds are plentiful. Every 
lake, creek, and pond is well supplied with bass, brea n, and perch. This 
section can be reached by the way of Waldo, Green Cove Spring, or Etoniah 

SUWANNEE RIVER. 

From Ellaville, on the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad to the 
Gulf, by this river, is a distance of i8o miles. The banks of this stream are 
high, and it offers a pleasant boat and sporting trip. The sportsman can 
build a flat-boat or scow twenty-five feet long and ten feet wide, at Governor 
Drew's mill, at Ellaville, for a trifle, and drift down this river to the Gulf. 
Such a floating home can be made very comfortable by erecting a tent or 
board partition within its walls. En route, superior deer hunting and quail 
shooting can be obtained. Owing to the rapidity of the current a scow will 
float to the Gulf from Ellaville in from eight to ten days. At the mouth of 
the Suwannee good fishing, and superior duck, geese, and brant shooting 
will be found. 
72 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 73 

Steamers leave Cedar Keys for the Suwannee river weekly, and sup- 
plies and mail matter can be secured througli Captain Macllvaine of the 
steamer Enterprise. From the mouth of the Suwannee, Cedar Keys can be 
reached by the inside passage. The water being shallow, a scow can be 
easily poled to the Keys. 

KISSIMEE RIVER. 
Through the enterprise of Colonel Allen, a steamer has been placed on the 
Kissimee river. Parties desirous of visiting the Gulf via Okeechobee and 
Caloosahatchie river, can transport a boat by steamer from Jacksonville to 
Lake Jesup ; thence by wagon to Lake Toliopekaliga. Securing a tow from 
the Kissimee steamboat, tourists can reach New Fort Center on Fish Eating 
creek, and, by sending a messenger to Carlton, they can obtain tiansportation 
for a boat to Fort Thompson. 

INDIAN RIVER. 
To the sportsman, Indian river offers many attractions. The climate is all 
that can be desired. Ducks are plentiful, and, at some points, fair deer 
hunting can be found. This stream can be reached by ascending the St. 
Johns to the head of navigation and by rail to Titusville. 

CHARLOTTE HARBOR— CALOOSAHATCHIE RIVER. 
This portion of Florida is almost a terra incognita, and the first extended 
notice of it was published in the Forest and Stream, and republished in 
Camp Life in Florida. Having spent nearly two months in the region 
referred to, enjoyed the equable temperature, balmy atmosphere, refreshing 
breezes, and unrivaled sporting attractions, we sincerely trust that the adven- 
turous tourist and sportsman may be induced to follow in our wake. 

Nearly three years have elapsed since we navigated Clear Water Harbor, 
Tampa, and Sarasota Pass, coasting the main land from Sarasota Pass to 
Gasparilla Pass, wandered among the islands of Charlotte Harbor, ascendino- 
the Caloosahatchie river to Fort Thompson, and succeeded in reaching the 
almost unknown lake — Okeechobee. Often has memory carried us back to 
the pleasant scenes of that trip, and we sometimes sigh for an opportunity to 
re-visit the many charming spots found en route, and to fight over again our 
battles with sharks, alligators, devil fish, et al. 

Charlotte Harbor can be easily reached by small coasting vessels, varying 
from four to eight tons. Several vessels of this character, comfortably fitted 
up for such purposes, can be chartered from Dr. Macllvaine and Captain 
Reddick, of Cedar Keys. This place is the terminus of the Cedar Keys and 
Fernandina Railroad, which connects at Baldwin with the Florida Central 
Railroad. With a captain, one man, stove, bedding, cooking utensils, and 
one skiff, these vessels can be chartered at from five to six dollars per day. 
These crafts are of light draft, perfectly seaworthy, and will comfortably 
accommodate from four to five tourists. If the voyageurs are fond of shoot- 



74 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

ing and fishing, more boats would be required, and these could be ordered in 
advance of Mr. A. G. Chappell (boat builder), of Jacksonville, or through 
Dr. Macllvaine, of Cedar Keys. Freight on a boat from Jacksonville to 
Cedar Keys, one dollar and three cents per one hundred pounds. 

Reaching Cedar Keys, we would advise parties to patronize the Island 
House, which has been remodeled and supplied with many home comforts. 
Charlotte Harbor can also be reached by taking the steamship T. J. Cochrane, 
leaving Cedar Keys on Mondays and Fridays for Manatee and Tampa. The 
" Cochrane " is a new vessel, staunch, and seaworthy; her accommodations 
are excellent, and her officers will be found experienced and attentive to pas- 
sengers. From information furnished us we have reason to believe that 
sportsmen could obtain boats at Tampa or Manatee for coasting purposes, but 
this could be determined in advance by addressing postmasters at the above- 
named places, or Miller and Henderson, of Tampa. As we intend referring 
more particularly to points further south, we shall not dilate upon the climatic 
advantages, hotel accommodations, or hospitality of the citizens of Tampa. 

Leaving Cedar Keys and following the coast line, sportsmen should not 
fail to tempt the king fish opposite the Anclote Keys. By using one of James' 
strong "blue fish baits" and a strong line, excellent sport can be obtained. 
King fish range from five to twenty-five pounds, will fight to the last, and, 
when cooked, will be relished by all. Passing Tampa Bay, superior fishing 
will be found at Long Boat Inlet, and excellent fly fishing at Billy Bow-Legs 
creek. At Sarasota Bay, Captain Willard will indicate to sportsmen the 
habitats of all the scaly denizens of the neighborhood. But the Captain is a 
dangerous customer — hospitality is his most prominent characteristic — and he 
will capture and, if possible, detain sportsmen. Once in his clutches, they 
will find it difficult to escape his hospitality and visit points further south. 

Parties can leave Sarasota Bay by Little Sarasota Pass, From this Pass to 
Little Gasparilla Pass, the northern entrance to Charlotte Harbor, the dis- 
tance is about thirty miles. Or the bay can be left at Casey's Pass and the 
coast line followed for fourteen miles, when Kettle Harbor Pass will be 
noticed, and can be entered by a vessel drawing six feet of water. 

On one occasion we left Little Sarasota Pass at 7 A. M., in a flat-bottomed 
sail-boat twenty feet long, and took the outside route to Charlotte Harbor. 
The wind died away, the ocean was like a mirror, but by manufacturing a 
white-ash breeze Little Gasparilla Pass was entered next morning at daylight. 
If parties transport their own boat to Cedar Keys by rail, and to Manatee 
by steamer, and she is not deemed safe for a trip outside of thirty miles, 
Little Sarasota Bay can be navigated and the party could pass out to sea at 
Casey's Pass, and the distance much shortened. About half-way from Casey's 
Pass to Gasparilla Pass, an inlet will be noticed, with a sand bank and a large 
growth of hard wood timber. This is Kettle Harbor, and it will be found 
an excellent one. To the uninitiated we may remark that the Gulf is 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 75 

entirely different from the Atlantic — the former is generally smooth and 
tranquil, and the ceaseless roar of the latter is absent. 

The coast is being constantly navigated by parties in boats which would be 
considered unsafe on many of our Northern rivers. Unless it was during 
the prevalence of a norther, we would not hesitate to navigate the coast from 
Cedar Keys to Cape Sable in a sixteen-foot Whitehall boat. Along the coast 
the winds are usually light, and if a sea rises it rapidly subsides. With the 
exception of the stretch between Casey's and Gasparilla Passes, the entire 
distance can be made inside of islands or reefs. 

If parties should hesitate about the outside trip, they can work their way to 
the head of Little Sarasota Bay, and at this point it is possible for them to 
secure a wagon and team to transport their boat to the Meyakka river, a dis- 
tance of eight miles. Descending the Meyakka river to Charlotte Harbor 
they can indulge in 'gaitor shooting and fishing. A boat for such a trip, and 
to be suitable for transportation, should be built light and modeled after a 
Delaware river batteau. She should be eighteen feet long, six feet wide, high 
sides, and decked over for at least eight feet forward. With a canvas tarpau- 
lin over a boom and fastened to strong screw-eyes in each quarter, such a 
craft would make a comfortable home for two or three persons. If supplied 
with a centre-board and cat-rig, she would answer every purpose for naviga- 
ting the bays, rivers, and estuaries of the southwest coast. Instead of seats 
on each side and aft, movable boxes could be constructed and used for the 
storage of arms, ammunition, and provisions. At times, when cruising 
among mangrove islands and marshes, a difficulty will be experienced in find- 
ing a camping place, and a small stove would be found very useful. In days 
gone by, we used one named the " Etna," manufactured in Philadelphia by 
Abbot & Noble. We were so much pleased with it that we have ordered 
another to be used this fall in a cruise from Cedar Keys to Cape Sable. We 
would advise intending tourists to provide themselves with the two govern- 
ment charts showing Caloosa and Boca Grande entrances and harbors. 

Entering Little Gasparilla Pass, excellent sheep-heading will be found at 
all times inside the point, within a few feet of the water's edge. On an oppo- 
site bank, the gunnist can very soon secure sufficient snipe and curlews for a 
stew. Leaving Gasparilla inlet, the channel keeps close to the island, but 
charts of the harbor will direct the voyagers to Punta Rassa at the southern 
portion of the harbor. 

At any of the entrances sheephead, groupers, sea trout, channel bass, and 
other sea fish can be captured in numbers. The only bait necessary for sheep- 
head are fiddlers, which can be dug up in great quantity along the edge of 
almost any sandy beach. For channel bass and trout, cut bait or hardbacks 
will be all that will be required. If sportsmen are inclined to indulge in 
shark fishing, a full supply of shark hooks and strong lines should be provided. 

Water is an important consideration to those who contemplate a cruise 



76 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

below Sarasota Bay, and eveiy party should be provided with a shovel to dig 
for it if such proceeding should be required. Water of fair quality can gene- 
rally be found by digging from three to four feet deep on the bay side of most 
of the islands, and to a distance of say twenty to fifty feet from the shore 
line. An examination should never be made near mangrove bushes, for at 
these points the water is apt to be salt. On most of the islands will be found 
a dwarf-growing variety of the buttonwood, and near these trees is the place 
to look for fresh water. Water can be obtained from a lagoon in the center 
of Little Gasparilla Island, at the northerly end of LaCosta Island, on Pine 
Island, at a settlement opposite Useppa Island, on Useppa, at the foot of the 
mound on the northeast side of the island, and to the left of the landing. 

At the southern portion of Charlotte Harbor is Punta Rassa — a signal 
station and telegraph office. About three miles from Punta Rassa will be 
found the mouth of the Caloosahatchie river. Ascending this wide and 
beautiful river about sixteen miles. Fort Myers will be noticed on the right 
hand bank. At this place three stores will be found where provisions can be 
obtained. Persons desiring information will meet with a hearty welcome by 
interviewing Colonel Evans. Leaving the fort, the channel turns towards the 
left hand side of the river, and attention must be paid to its course. Three 
miles above the fort the islands will be reached, and a distance of three miles 
more will leave them in the rear. At the upper islands is the locality where 
the large 'gaitors most do congregate. From this point to the telegraph cross- 
ing, a few miles above, cavilla, ranging from five to twenty pounds, can be 
captured with a spoon bait. Between these points tarpon exist in great num- 
bers, and they will be seen to break water like blue fish. By anchoring where 
these fish are noticed, using a large bait cut from a mullet, and fishing with a 
long and strong line and a float, these fish can be captured. They range 
from fifty to two hundred pounds, and when hooked there is rushing, jumping, 
and fighting without end." The scales of these fish ai-e very large and orna- 
mental, and delicate fingers at home could convert them into beautiful card 
baskets and other ornaments. To those who are partial to fly fishing, and 
who wish to engage in the capture of the most powerful and gamiest of fish — 
the cavilla — they can be gratified between the islands and the telegraph 
crossing. 

The entire length of the river from its mouth to the rapids at Fort Thomp- 
son is about one iiundred and twenty miles, and, owing to the slight current, 
there will be no difficulty in rowing a boat the last eighty miles of its course. 
In the course of the upper portion of the river, deer hunting and turkey 
shooting may be found by penetrating a short distance from the river. In 
the immediate neighborhood of the falls (if the Indians are not or have not 
been in camp), turkeys will be found in great numbers. If there is water 
sufficient, a boat can be dragged over the rapids, and an open channel will be 
foui^d for a distance of about three miles, tending towards Okeechobee. In 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 77 

the course of this three miles, excellent fishing and duck and 'gaitor shooting 
will be found. 

At Fish Eating creek, a distance of about twelve miles from Fort Thomp- 
son, deer and turkey exist in great quantities, and it will be found a " sports- 
man's paradise." If persons wish to camp out on Fish Eating creek, we 
would advise them to select a point a few miles above New Fort Center. 
This entire section is an extensive prairie, with narrow belts of pine timber 
and clumps of live oak and cabbage palms. The nutritious grasses furnish 
food for immense numbers of deer, and the timber supplies them with the 
necessary shelter. Dogs are unnecessary, and this is the home of the still 
hunter. The rich hammock lands on the bank of the creek are the favorite 
feeding grounds for turkeys. The creek is well supplied with bass, and the 
piscator would find employment. 

To reach Fish Eating creek and transport a boat and camp plunder, the 
services of Mr. Carleton will be required. If this gentleman's acquaintance 
is desired, he can be found by following directions : Starting from the falls on 
the bank left of the river, and skirting the timber next the river flat lands for 
two miles, Carleton's house will be noticed on a hill to the left. Mr. Carleton 
owns an excellent wagon, and a good team of bullocks, and his services can 
be obtained at three dollars per day. 

If adventure should become the order of the day (the larder justifying the 
proceeding), and the wanderers desirous of returning north by another route, 
they could descend Fish Eating creek to lake Okeechobee. When we made 
the attempt we failed to reach the lake by the creek, and wandered through 
the raw-grass marsh to it. We were provided with a lubberly Indian dug- 
out, and apologies for a paddle and pushing pole. We reached a point within 
two miles of the lake, and found the channel blockaded with lettuce — a fresh 
water plant that floats on the surface. We found it impossible to propel the 
boat though it with implements at our command. If the tourist should make 
the attempt, we would advise him to provide himself with two-hooked sticks, 
ten feet long. If one person would stand on each side of the boat, near the 
shore, and both parties grapple the lettuce at the same time, the boat could 
be dragged over the obstruction. Jordan would be a hard road to travel, but 
the two or three miles of obstructure could be overcome, and the lake reached. 
Owing to a violent gale to the eastward before our visit, the creek was ob- 
structed, but it is probable that freshets have removed the obstructions. 

The lake reached, and its westerly shore followed for eighteen miles, the 
mouth of the Kissimee river will be noticed. By ascending this tortuous 
stream for about three hundred miles. Lake Tohopekaliga will be reached. 
The river runs through a prairie for nearly its entire course, and a sail can 
be used to advantage, as the prevailing winds are from the east and south. 
At Tohopekaliga transportation can be obtained to Mellonville, on the St. 
Johns river, a distance of thirty-five miles. Fishing, hunting and shooting 



78 GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 

along the entire course of the Kissimee will be found — all the sportsman can 
desire. One of our friends who descended this river in a sail boat counted 
2»i83 'gaitors sunning themselves along its banks. 

A few additional remarks may prove interesting. Rain seldom falls in 
this section during the winter; the climate is mild, and the whole country 
unexceptionably healthy. No trouble will be experienced from insects if 
parties anchor mid-stream, and sleep on their boat. Snakes are few and far 
between; in all our wanderings in Southern Florida we found but one rattler. 

Leaving Punta Rassa,and following the coast line for three miles, Bowditch's 
Pass will be sighted at the westerly end of Esteno Island. By entering this pass 
Esteno Bay is reached. Agood and deep channel will be found oia the inner side 
of the outer islands — Esteno, Little Hickory and Big Hickory. At the east- 
erly end of the latter island is Esteno Pass. In an easterly direction, and 
two miles from the pass, will be found Corkscrew river, which can be navi- 
gated by a boat for some twenty miles, and has yet to receive a visit from r 
sportsman. From Esteno Pass an inside passage can be traversed for seven 
miles, to an unnamed pass, at which point the boatist must take to the calm 
waters of the Gulf. By following the coast line for twelve miles. Doctor's 
Pass will be sighted, and a sportsman's paradise found. Until the writer en- 
tered this pass, in November, 1877, it is probable that a gun had not been 
fired in tlie locality since the Indian war. The Indians do not visit this sec- 
tion, and as tliere is not a settler for over thirty miles, the country is in a 
primitive condition. Bear, deer and turkey exist in great quantities ; ducks, 
snipe, curlews, herons, cranes and 'gaitors are sufficiently plentiful to gratify 
the most ardent sportsman. 

From Punta Rassa to Cape Romano the fishing is simply superb. The fish 
are sheephead, grouper, cavalla, channel bass, angel-fish, snapper, tarpon, skip- 
jack, black bass, sea-trout, bream, sea-bass, croaker, yellow-tail, etc. 

By working up the pass for three-quarters of a mile, and following the left- 
hand lagoon for two miles, a supply of pure and excellent water will be ob- 
tained. Inside of the passage, and to the left, will be found a small circular 
bay, with a narrow entrance, furnishing one of the best boat harbors in the 
United States. 

If desirable, sportsmen and tourists can reach Big Marco Inlet (distant 
eight miles from Doctor's Pass) by following an inside passage ; but, like 
most of these channels, oyster bars and mud-flats will be found. When 
Marco Inlet is reached, if the westerly side of Big Marco Island is followed 
for one mile and a half. Captain Collier's house will be sighted, on a high 
bluff. The stranger will secure a hearty welcome from old man Collier and 
his kind and amiable wife. If the sportsman can enjoy the beautiful, by 
following one of the tributaries of Marco Bay for fourteen miles, they can 
examine a magnificent grove of giant palms. When visiting Collier's the 
tourist must not neglect the opportunity of securing some of his superior 
bananas. 



GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA. 79 

Leaving Collier's, and passing Kon's Island, Gullivan's Bay will be en- 
tered, and eight miles to the east will be found Gullivan's river. Vignolls, 
who described this stream in 1821, asserts that it is a large river, with eight 
feet of water on the bar, at low tide, the river being bounded by high banks 
for many miles. From the author's description, we are inclined to believe 
that this stream heads in Okeechobee, or a large lake in the Everglades. We 
have instituted numerous enquiries among fishermen and settlers along the 
coast, and have yet to find a person who has visited this river. From its 
isolated position, we are of the opinion that it would afford a fine field for 
large game. 

The coast from Gullivan's river to Cape Sable is shallow, with numerous 
inlets and islands, where a harbor can be made at any time. 

The peculiarity of the Gulf coast is the small amount of rain during tlie 
winter months, and the absence of storms, breakers and undertow. Unless 
a gale is blowing (and this occurs but seldom), the entire distance from Key 
West to Cedar Keys can be comfortably made in a small boat. In Novem- 
ber, 1877, the writer left Key West in a boat 16 feet long and 6 feet beam, 
and worked the islands and coast to Cedar Keys, and without any difficulty. 

Small boats can be purchased in Jacksonville as cheap as in Northern 
cities. If disposed, persons can ship boats by schooners from New York to 
Jacksonville at a low figure. If they are consigned to Peter Jones, he will 
receive them, and defray all expenses. In addition, he will care for boats 
until arrival of owners, and his charges will be reasonable. 

Ammunition, sporting goods, and fishing tackle (except fly-rods), can be 
purchased at Pitman's Sporting Emporium, No. 3 Bay street, Jacksonville, 
Fla., as cheap as in Northern cities. Mr. Pitman will furnish sportsmen with 
information regarding routes and sporting localities. 

In concluding, we would advise sportsmen to bring with them fly-rods and 
large and gaudy flies, as no place in the United States presents so fine a 
field for fly-fishing as the Southwest coast of Florida. One gentleman who 
spent a portion of a winter at Homosassa captured with the fly eleven dis- 
tinct species of fish. 

To those who can appreciate one of the finest winter climates in the world, 
and enjoy good hunting, excellent shooting, and unsurpassed fishing, we will 
say, from actual experience, spend a few weeks on the southwest coast of 
Florida. 



So GUIDE TO SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA, 

One Hundred Thousand Customers in Georgia, 
Florida and South Carolina. 



The Savannah Morning Uews, 

A Large Daily, Publishing a Morning and an Evening Edition. 

It is thT most widely circulated and influential newspaper published between 
Baltimore and New Orleans, and has a general circulation among all classes on the 
lines of railroads to and from Savannah, within reach of a daily mail. Its readers are 
merchants and plant rs, farmers and artisans, who have homes and families, fairly 
prosperous, and have tastes and varied wants, and the means to buy what they want. 
There is little or no competition in the channels for addressing such a community, 
and, therefore, the circulation of the SAVANNAH MOUNING NEWS has far more 
valup. for advertisers than if it were published in a community where there were a 
dozen other journals of nearly equal circulation. The paper therefore has a special 
importance to advertisers. 

The Savannah "Weekly Hews 

Is a Mammoth Eight-Page Sheet — 38x52 inches. 

It circulates in every coimty in Georgia, and is ta^en at nearly every post office. There 
is scarcely a post office in the whole of Florida where the WEEKLY NEWS is not 
regularly received. The jiaper is edited with great care, special prominence being 
given to agricultural information, and each issue contains a full and complete market 
report. 

The Sunday Morning Telegram 

The SUNDAY MORNING TELEGRAM (successor to the old Savannah Kepublican 
and Advertiser, established in 1»02) is the only Sunday newspaper in the St ite print- 
ing full Associated Press Dispatches. It is careluUy edited, presenting a weekly 
summary of general news for the family circle, thus affording a first-class medium 
for advertising articles for household and personal use. 



The Southern Farmer's Monthly 

An Agricultural Journal. 

This monthly, though just closing its second year, has already taken rank among 
the best publications of its class. It is a quarto, 32 pages, printed on tinted paper, 
and in addition to its agricultural and industrial features, has an illustrated Fashion 
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members of their households. 



Savannah is the financial and commercial center for the South Atlantic Cotton 
States, the actual receipts this year (1878-79) being 699,821 bales. It is also a very im- 
portant market for naval stores, a lart;e rice shipping port, and pre-eminently the 
distributing business center for supplying the wants of the population of Georgia, 
Florida (having a monopoly of the trade along the Inland coast line of Southern 
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least an aggregate pojjulation of over 1,000,000, whose varied wants must pay tribute 
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These publications offer to advertisers the most effective methods of introducing 
their goods to the people of this vast area of country. 

Sample copies sent on application, and estimates for advertising promptly 
furnished. 

J. H. ESTILL, 
3 Whitaker Street, Savannah, Ga. 



Bawkim V. 



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Letters and Packages Received and Forwa 
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Tickets on sale at all Railroad Offices and by Steamship 
Lines from Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore; also, 
at Bren's Ticket Office, 22 Bull Street, Savannah, and at Office at the 
Savannah, Florida and Western Railway Company's LJepot. 



H. S. HAINES, 

Gfiieral Siiijerinteudent. 
C. D. OWENS, 

Giueral Agent, 

:il5 Broadway, N. Y. 

J. B. ANDREWS, 

Agent, 
33 German Street, Baltimore. 



JAS. L. TAYLOR, 

Geueral Passenger Agent. 

J. H GRIFFIN, 

Passenger Agent. 

J. E. DRAYTON, 

Agent, 
'27 W. Bay Street, Jacksouville 



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